You can:
(1) Run the recovery console on a windows XP disc and fix the MBR, but then only windows will load
(2) Either reinstall Ubuntu, or just reinstall GRUB (both of which can be done from the live CD) so that it boots Ubuntu and windows correctly.
If you need, I can give you step-by-step instructions to do either task, although with that information you should also be able to find a guide here or on google, this sort of thing occasionally happens.
I would just try reinstalling Ubuntu if you don't have any information that needs backed up on it. Also, for your BOOT partition, when you load the Live CD, can you post the output of this command?:
It used to be that a /boot partition was needed when dual-booting OS's (legacy, separate /boot partitions are needed for older machines that cannot boot past the 1024 limit, although it should be placing the /boot at the FRONT of the drive if this was the case), but I don't think Ubuntu Live CD would automatically make a separate boot partition.
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