If you're using full disk encryption, and you're just trying to change the password of your existing system, you can do the following:
1) download any live Linux CD that has the "cryptsetup" utility available (I used Backtrack 4).
2) boot into the live CD, and open a terminal window
3) run this command to see your LUKS info:
cryptsetup luksDump /dev/<your LUKS partition>
4) you should have several available key slots. add your new password to one of them like this:
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/<your LUKS partition>
5) you can run the command from step 3 again to verify. then reboot and verify that your new password works. Your old password should also still work at this point.
6) to remove the old password, simply repeat steps 1 & 2, and run the following command to delete the old key (be sure to select the old keyslot!):
cryptsetup luksKillSlot /dev/<your LUKS partition> <slot number>
repeat step 3 to verify. you should now find that your old key no longer works. That's it!
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