There is no single "right way" to install Linux/Ubuntu. How I install to a desktop, is different then how I install to a laptop, is different then how I install to servers.
Portable devices like a laptop will always be LUKS encrypted. Desktops will not. Servers might be, just depends on the data.
I use LVM, always, on physical installs. It is so very flexible and I want that flexibility.
/ will be 25G, no larger. Usually I use half that after many years.
I prefer a swap partition/LV. 4.1G in size, regardless of the RAM in the desktop.
I don't keep media in /home, so usually 25-50G is sufficient. Since I use LVM, increasing the size of any LV is about 10 seconds of effort while the system is still running.
Other areas may or may not get any added storage. Just depends on where it is needed. With LVM, creating a fresh LV and mounting it where needed is easy - again, while the system is running.
Here's my laptop setup:
Code:
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sda2 8:2 0 732M 0 part /boot
├─sda3 8:3 0 464.6G 0 part
│ └─sda3_crypt 253:0 0 464.6G 0 crypt
│ ├─ubuntu--vg-root 253:1 0 25G 0 lvm /
│ ├─ubuntu--vg-stuff 253:4 0 100G 0 lvm /stuff
│ ├─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 253:2 0 4.1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
│ └─ubuntu--vg-home--lv 253:3 0 75G 0 lvm /home
└─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
$ dft # this is an alias basically df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root ext4 25G 12G 12G 50% /
/dev/sda2 ext2 721M 185M 500M 27% /boot
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-home--lv ext4 74G 21G 51G 29% /home
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-stuff ext4 99G 367M 93G 1% /stuff
/dev/sda1 vfat 511M 3.7M 508M 1% /boot/efi
As you can see, I didn't allocate all the available storage and certainly don't use it all.
Everything under sda3 is encrypted. It is a laptop.
Your needs and skills will dictate different answers, probably.
Whenever encryption is used, be 100% certain you have excellent backups. If anything bad happens to that drive, I expect to lose all the data and have no way to recover it using that disk. Backups are the only recovery method.
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