First Cup of Ubuntu
Hello! I decided to use ubuntu as my main OS but i didn't know it was this hard to get all things running. I have 1 ssd(120gb intel e5400s) and 1 hdd(1 tb wd black) and i want my ubuntu and apps to be on the ssd and on the hdd everything else (downloads, movies, music, etc). I have googled a lot about this but nobody said
exactly what you need to do. How should i make my partitions? (/root, /swap, etc) and what drivers do i need to install?
Thank you.
Last edited by dehlord; November 10th, 2018 at 11:22 AM.
<--- Run xman to see that window.
Welcome to the forums.
In order to help, we need some facts about your system.
First, is ubuntu already installed or not?
Second, how much Unix-like system knowledge do you have? Windows won't help with most of this, since Windows does things very differently at this level.
Have you tried running it from the install media using the "Try Ubuntu" option? That will provide a good idea whether any of your specific hardware will have troubles or not. It isn't 100%, but if it works in the installer environment, then you can get it working again post-install.
As for partitioning, there are millions of different methods, each with pros/cons.
So, if you haven't installed, boot into the "Try Ubuntu" environment and install a package called inxi.
Then run it with a few options - inxi -Fz and post the output back here as text using "code tags" like I did just above. Things line up better that way and are much, much, easier to read.Code:$ sudo apt install inxi
If you haven't already installed, there are a few ideas worth understanding. The best way is to plan to do a few installations to see how it turns out. Nothing can replace that and installations only require about 15 minutes when you don't have to worry about wiping data or restoring anything.
Anyway, answer those 4 things and we can get started. Based on your current skills, we can recommend beginner or intermediate level setups. It is important.
A Carafe of Ubuntu
Hi,
Is there any plan to use other OS like Windows or Mac along with Ubuntu. If, yes please mention the disks on which they are installed. For a better insight run
from a live usb/cd and paste the output here. The Fu has given better idea. Something new to learn!Code:`$ sudo fdisk -l
Last edited by mitesh.agrwl; November 10th, 2018 at 01:19 PM. Reason: Someone gave a better insight.
Learning...... Little odd way for here, read as much as you can before trying anything....
and get confused enough to forget the actual task.........
First Cup of Ubuntu
Yes, i've already installed ubuntu.
I don't have any knowledge in Unix-like systems.
Yes, i tried to run it from "Try Ubuntu" option and it works.
When i installed this version of Ubuntu, i got some errors regarding "/boot" and after something appeared on the screen saying xxx hasn't been found but it dissapeared in 2 seconds and ubuntu booted.
I'd like everything to be just right but it's very confusingwhat partitioning method do you recommend? I will use this PC for browsing,movies, maybe some games and programming.
I also formated my usb as gpt partition
Last edited by dehlord; November 10th, 2018 at 01:46 PM.
First Cup of Ubuntu
No, i want to use Ubuntu alone.Originally Posted by mitesh.agrwl
Last edited by dehlord; November 10th, 2018 at 01:55 PM.
<--- Run xman to see that window.
Please provide the requested information. When posting errors, please be EXACT.
Some overview information to help with acclimation:
* http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/u...ows-users.html
* http://linux.oneandoneis2.org/LNW.htm
Those will help with some basic understand that people new to Linux lack.
Last edited by TheFu; November 10th, 2018 at 03:10 PM.
First Cup of Ubuntu
Code:ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install inxi Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package inxiCode:ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/loop0: 1.8 GiB, 1905549312 bytes, 3721776 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop1: 87.9 MiB, 92123136 bytes, 179928 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop2: 140.9 MiB, 147722240 bytes, 288520 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop3: 2.3 MiB, 2355200 bytes, 4600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop4: 13 MiB, 13619200 bytes, 26600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop5: 14.5 MiB, 15208448 bytes, 29704 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop6: 3.7 MiB, 3878912 bytes, 7576 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop7: 42.1 MiB, 44183552 bytes, 86296 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 514B5D0A-1F40-4BD0-880D-3FBEF6F5A635 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 1953523711 1953521664 931.5G Linux filesystem Disk /dev/sdb: 111.8 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 8B457473-332C-4EF0-AF20-3DBC3C24CEF5 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sdb1 2048 234440703 234438656 111.8G Linux filesystem Disk /dev/sdc: 7.5 GiB, 8054112256 bytes, 15730688 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 4758D7FA-3FAF-4CDF-9E6E-393CA6BD3F96 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sdc1 2048 15730654 15728607 7.5G Microsoft basic data
<--- Run xman to see that window.
Well, if inxi isn't available to be installed, there's something odd happening with the setup. It was enabled on all my recent desktop installs.
shows it is in the "universe" repo. Please check that it is enabled on your system and try to install again. The apt-cache command is handy for things like this, BTW.Code:$ sudo apt-cache policy inxi inxi: Installed: 2.2.35-0ubuntu1 Candidate: 2.2.35-0ubuntu1 Version table: *** 2.2.35-0ubuntu1 500 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe i386 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
The output should look like this:Having that is pretty handy. yes? The -z option removes stuff that might give away privacy.Code:$ inxi -Fz System: Host: cb35 Kernel: 4.15.0-38-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Openbox 3.6.1 Distro: Ubuntu 16.04 xenial Machine: System: GOOGLE (portable) product: Gandof v: 1.0 Mobo: GOOGLE model: Gandof v: 1.0 Bios: coreboot v: MrChromebox date: 02/04/2018 CPU: Dual core Intel Core i3-5015U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB clock speeds: max: 2100 MHz 1: 857 MHz 2: 918 MHz 3: 972 MHz 4: 815 MHz Graphics: Card: Intel Broadwell-U Integrated Graphics Display Server: X.Org 1.19.6 drivers: (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.02hz GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel HD Graphics 5500 (Broadwell GT2) GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 18.0.5 Audio: Card-1 Intel Wildcat Point-LP High Definition Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Card-2 Intel Broadwell-U Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture v: k4.15.0-38-generic Network: Card: Intel Wireless 7260 driver: iwlwifi IF: wlp1s0 state: down mac: <filter> Drives: HDD Total Size: 60.0GB (72.9% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: SB_M2_SSD size: 60.0GB Partition: ID-1: / size: 51G used: 37G (78%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/dm-1 ID-2: /boot size: 473M used: 147M (33%) fs: ext2 dev: /dev/sda2 ID-3: swap-1 size: 4.16GB used: 0.60GB (14%) fs: swap dev: /dev/dm-2 RAID: No RAID devices: /proc/mdstat, md_mod kernel module present Sensors: None detected - is lm-sensors installed and configured? Info: Processes: 194 Uptime: 5 days Memory: 2551.6/3814.7MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
I prefer to install an encrypted setup and LVM (Logical Volume Manager). To see how that layout works,
This shows that sda3 is encrypted and that LVs (Logical Volumes) vg-root and vg-swap are held inside. To see the used storage:Code:$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 55.9G 0 disk ├─sda2 8:2 0 488M 0 part /boot ├─sda3 8:3 0 54.9G 0 part │ └─sda3_crypt 253:0 0 54.9G 0 crypt │ ├─ubuntu--vg-root 253:1 0 51G 0 lvm / │ └─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 253:2 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
I removed the non-important mounts - all the loop, tmpfs, and control group devices. These don't actually use storage since they are virtual file systems. What is shown above is that the system is EFI booting, has a separate /boot/, partition which isn't encrypted, and a / logical volume which is inside an encrypted partition. There is 37G available, so if I wanted, I could reduce / to be 25G in size (which is generally what I do for systems with lots of storage, then have separate /home/ LV to hold personal documents and settings for each userid on the system.Code:$ df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root ext4 51G 37G 11G 78% / /dev/sda2 ext2 473M 147M 302M 33% /boot /dev/sda1 vfat 511M 4.5M 507M 1% /boot/efi istar:/DD nfs 3.5T 3.4T 140G 97% /DD istar:/D nfs 3.5T 3.4T 85G 98% /D istar:/misc/D5 nfs 3.5T 3.3T 231G 94% /misc/D5
You can also see 3 NFS mounts for remote storage. Each is 3.5TB in size, so when this device is on the LAN, is has access to plenty of storage hosted on the "istar" NFS server.
If I had more storage, even 120G on an SSD, then I'd allocate it this way:
If I had a 2nd HDD, then I'd put /home/ or /Data/ onto it. I would NOT span 2 disks into a single LV, though that is possible. In Unix, an empty directory is all that is needed to provide a "mount point" for any storage. The storage can be a partition or an LV. Doesn't matter. Mounting for permanent storage is done in the /etc/fstab. There are how-to guides for accomplishing that.Code:/boot - 1G # this is 2x the default size. Kernels go here and it used to be common to fill it up and have patching fail. /boot/EFI - 512MB # Minimal size for EFI. It is shared across all installed OSes. / - 25G # having just 25G for the OS and programs is more than sufficient on Ubuntu. Actually, 15G should be sufficient. /var - 10G # keeping /var/ on a separate partition is a security thing. /home - the remaining ; unless I needed it for something else.
I would NOT allocate all the storage on the SSD. I would leave at least 2-10G free to be added where needed later. This is something that LVM makes easy without much planning. Simple partitioning without using LVM makes doing that much harder. Shifting an entire partition or 3 might be necessary. I'd rather have a storage shortage that is easy to fix as a warning to get more soon, but not be completely trapped by not having any to allocate immediately.
All of this assumes that other storage is available to backup the necessary files each disk can fail at any time. Earlier this year, the SSD in this machine failed. It was 120G and less than 3 yrs old. My backups made the recovery pretty easy after I swapped out the failed SSD for a new one even though it was 50% smaller.
But all the LVM stuff is probably more complexity than someone new to Linux should attempt. It provides great flexibility at the cost of increased complexity.
Anyway, posting my real system info might be helpful. Or not. But let's start with inxi first, please.
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