I assume that the files you want to recover are on the macOS partition?
I don't have windows installed on my laptop, but I do have High Sierra and Ubuntu set up using rEFInd. My partition data looks like this:
FROM LINUX:
Code:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 20.5kB 210MB 210MB fat32 EFI System Partition boot, esp
2 210MB 101GB 100GB
3 101GB 210GB 109GB zfs Solaris /usr & Mac ZFS
4 210GB 250GB 39.9GB ext4
5 250GB 250GB 134MB hfs+ Booter
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 40 409639 200.0 MiB EF00 EFI System Partition
2 409640 196661295 93.6 GiB FFFF
3 196661296 410272127 101.9 GiB BF01 Solaris /usr & Mac ZFS
4 410273792 488134655 37.1 GiB 8300
5 488134984 488397127 128.0 MiB AB00 Booter
FROM MACOS:
Code:
/dev/disk0 (internal, physical):
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: GUID_partition_scheme *250.1 GB disk0
1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1
2: Apple_APFS Container disk1 100.5 GB disk0s2
3: ZFS alumiumP 109.4 GB disk0s3
4: Linux Filesystem 39.9 GB disk0s4
5: Apple_Boot Boot OS X 134.2 MB disk0s5
/dev/disk1 (synthesized):
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: APFS Container Scheme - +100.5 GB disk1
Physical Store disk0s2
1: APFS Volume alumiumD 56.0 GB disk1s1
2: APFS Volume Preboot 44.9 MB disk1s2
3: APFS Volume Recovery 1.0 GB disk1s3
4: APFS Volume VM 4.3 GB disk1s4
As you can see, I have a boot partition that you don't. It is my understanding that this partition is required to boot macOS High Sierra and Mavericks since the change to APFS. You have two APFS partitions (2 and 3, with type FFFF).
Hopefully this means that your data is recoverable.
Options for recovery include (in order of preference):
Boot from your Time Machine backup drive. You have one, right? RIGHT?!?!?!
Boot your mac in Target Disk mode and connect it to another mac with FireWire or Thunderbolt to copy files.
Physically remove your drive and connect it to another mac to copy the files.
Create a bootable external macOS HD on another mac and boot your mac from that to recover files.
Use Internet Recovery to format an external disk and then use Terminal to copy files.
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