First Cup of Ubuntu
Than you deadflowr for the information.
You wrote:
Well, if the packages were installed to satisfy packages which were removed, I suppose they are expendable, too. Therefore, "autoremove --purge" seems an optimal solution.Only issue with autoremove is that it can remove packages you might want to keep if those packages were originally installed to satisfy the requirements of another package which has since been removed, a little quirk.
Robot Pirate Ghost
Indeed like 99.9% of the time you wouldn't notice or care about the leftover cruft.Originally Posted by vic-0611
But just in case, always double check because you never know.
There is always a chance you could install something that needed another nifty package which you like to use.
Then again, reinstalling the package is not too much trouble but more of a low-level ugh.
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Skinny Soy Caramel Ubuntu
Thank you, deadflowr. Didn't know about byobu and purging kernels that way. I knew there must be something easier than the housekeeping task I was assigning myself with every kernel update. I may be old, but I can still learn.
Reading Sticky Threads is informative and saves time.
Robot Pirate Ghost
purge-old-kernels was only added to byobu with the version around 16.04 uses, maybe 15.10.
Prior to that it was in the catchall bikeshed package which holds packages that have no home yet:
http://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2010/...d-package.html
So for users running 14.04 the purge-old-kernels is in bikeshed, fwiw.
(In case someone happens upon this thread running 14.04 and complains that byobu did not have the package.)
Last edited by deadflowr; January 23rd, 2018 at 09:07 PM. Reason: adds
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First Cup of Ubuntu
Hello again deadflowr,
After having updated successfully two new kernels (now the system has 4.4.0-116-generic), I executed:
But I'm not sure if the old and "damaged" one, 109, was removed. What's the easiest way to check the kernel versions that Grub has to its disposal? It is a bit strange, but pressing the "shift" key while booting isn't working.Code:sudo apt autoremove --purge Leyendo lista de paquetes... Hecho Creando árbol de dependencias Leyendo la información de estado... Hecho 0 actualizados, 0 nuevos se instalarán, 0 para eliminar y 0 no actualizados.
Robot Pirate Ghost
It's easier to find what you have than what you don't.But I'm not sure if the old and "damaged" one, 109, was removed. What's the easiest way to check the kernel versions that Grub has to its disposal? It is a bit strange, but pressing the "shift" key while booting isn't working.
try a simple ls /boot
Code:ls /bootIf using an UEFI system use ESC to get the grub menu.but pressing the "shift" key while booting isn't working
Or try speed clicking the shift key when the screen starts to change from the first boot screen.
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Earn Your Keep
Don't mind me, I'm only passing through.
Once in a blue moon, I'm actually helpful.
Ubuntu addict and loving it
Or useto see which kernels are installed as far as the package manager is concerned. First make the terminal window wide, or the output will get truncated.Code:dpkg --list "linux-image-*"
Although I rarely need the grub menu, I prefer to see it on every boot, just to be sure I can access it without problems that one day I need it. I configured grub to show its menu on every boot for 3 seconds. Just edit /etc/default/grub.
First Cup of Ubuntu
Yes, it seems it is an UEFI system, because the esc key worked:
IMG_20180223_222533.jpg
This information matches with the contents of /boot directory:
It seems that 109 version is still available. I guess there is one more kernel version needed to be able to do without the 109.Code::~$ ls /boot total 146M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1,2M ene 9 22:28 abi-4.4.0-109-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1,2M ene 19 14:06 abi-4.4.0-112-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1,2M feb 13 01:57 abi-4.4.0-116-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 187K ene 9 22:28 config-4.4.0-109-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 187K ene 19 14:06 config-4.4.0-112-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 187K feb 13 01:57 config-4.4.0-116-generic drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4,0K feb 23 18:15 grub -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37M feb 15 19:32 initrd.img-4.4.0-109-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37M feb 23 18:14 initrd.img-4.4.0-112-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37M feb 23 18:15 initrd.img-4.4.0-116-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179K ene 28 2016 memtest86+.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181K ene 28 2016 memtest86+.elf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181K ene 28 2016 memtest86+_multiboot.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2,7K feb 13 01:57 retpoline-4.4.0-116-generic -rw------- 1 root root 3,8M ene 9 22:28 System.map-4.4.0-109-generic -rw------- 1 root root 3,8M ene 19 14:06 System.map-4.4.0-112-generic -rw------- 1 root root 3,8M feb 13 01:57 System.map-4.4.0-116-generic -rw------- 1 root root 6,8M ene 9 22:28 vmlinuz-4.4.0-109-generic -rw------- 1 root root 6,8M ene 19 14:06 vmlinuz-4.4.0-112-generic -rw------- 1 root root 6,9M feb 13 01:57 vmlinuz-4.4.0-116-generic
First Cup of Ubuntu
Yeah, I tried it before asking, but I discarded it because looks like it shows all the kernels that have been installed:
Code:+++-===============================-====================-====================-==================================================================== rc linux-image-4.4.0-101-generic 4.4.0-101.124 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-103-generic 4.4.0-103.126 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-104-generic 4.4.0-104.127 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-4.4.0-109-generic 4.4.0-109.132 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-4.4.0-112-generic 4.4.0-112.135 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic 4.4.0-116.140 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic 4.4.0-21.37 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-22-generic 4.4.0-22.40 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-24-generic 4.4.0-24.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-28-generic 4.4.0-28.47 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-31-generic 4.4.0-31.50 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-34-generic 4.4.0-34.53 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-36-generic 4.4.0-36.55 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-38-generic 4.4.0-38.57 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-43-generic 4.4.0-43.63 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-45-generic 4.4.0-45.66 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-47-generic 4.4.0-47.68 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-51-generic 4.4.0-51.72 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-53-generic 4.4.0-53.74 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-57-generic 4.4.0-57.78 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-59-generic 4.4.0-59.80 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-62-generic 4.4.0-62.83 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-63-generic 4.4.0-63.84 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-64-generic 4.4.0-64.85 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-66-generic 4.4.0-66.87 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-70-generic 4.4.0-70.91 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-71-generic 4.4.0-71.92 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-72-generic 4.4.0-72.93 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-75-generic 4.4.0-75.96 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-77-generic 4.4.0-77.98 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-78-generic 4.4.0-78.99 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-79-generic 4.4.0-79.100 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-81-generic 4.4.0-81.104 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-83-generic 4.4.0-83.106 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-87-generic 4.4.0-87.110 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-89-generic 4.4.0-89.112 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-92-generic 4.4.0-92.115 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-93-generic 4.4.0-93.116 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-96-generic 4.4.0-96.119 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-97-generic 4.4.0-97.120 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-4.4.0-98-generic 4.4.0-98.121 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-101-gen 4.4.0-101.124 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-103-gen 4.4.0-103.126 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-104-gen 4.4.0-104.127 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-extra-4.4.0-109-gen 4.4.0-109.132 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-extra-4.4.0-112-gen 4.4.0-112.135 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-gen 4.4.0-116.140 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-gene 4.4.0-21.37 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-22-gene 4.4.0-22.40 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-24-gene 4.4.0-24.43 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-28-gene 4.4.0-28.47 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-31-gene 4.4.0-31.50 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-34-gene 4.4.0-34.53 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-36-gene 4.4.0-36.55 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-38-gene 4.4.0-38.57 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-43-gene 4.4.0-43.63 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-45-gene 4.4.0-45.66 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-47-gene 4.4.0-47.68 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-51-gene 4.4.0-51.72 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-53-gene 4.4.0-53.74 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-57-gene 4.4.0-57.78 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-59-gene 4.4.0-59.80 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-62-gene 4.4.0-62.83 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-63-gene 4.4.0-63.84 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-64-gene 4.4.0-64.85 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-66-gene 4.4.0-66.87 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-70-gene 4.4.0-70.91 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-71-gene 4.4.0-71.92 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-72-gene 4.4.0-72.93 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-75-gene 4.4.0-75.96 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-77-gene 4.4.0-77.98 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-78-gene 4.4.0-78.99 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-79-gene 4.4.0-79.100 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-81-gene 4.4.0-81.104 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-83-gene 4.4.0-83.106 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-87-gene 4.4.0-87.110 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-89-gene 4.4.0-89.112 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-92-gene 4.4.0-92.115 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-93-gene 4.4.0-93.116 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-96-gene 4.4.0-96.119 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-97-gene 4.4.0-97.120 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-98-gene 4.4.0-98.121 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 4.4.0.116.122 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
Ubuntu addict and loving it
Those with rc have been removed, but not purged. Which doesn't really matter, as this is nothing more than a bit of clutter in dpkg's output.
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