CentOS is a sanctioned rebuild of Red Hat Enterprise Linux with all the Red Hat trademarks and branding replaced. Scientific is the same without the relationship with Red Hat. It's important to note that these are not derivatives of Red Hat. They are rebuilds of Red Hat source packages. With a few documented exceptions, RH's code is not modified.
CentOS 6.8 and CentOS 7.2 are currently available. 6.8 support ends in 2020. It's a Gnome 2.28 desktop from 2010. 7.2 is on Gnome 3.14, and rumors say it will go to 3.18 on the Red Hat's next upgrade. The initial release was in 2014, so add 10 years to that.
Red Hat does not target mainstream desktop users who want to keep pace with the latest application releases. Before commiting to either release, decide if the applications available to you now will keep youi happy for the next several years because it's probably not going to be possible to upgrade them.
Red Hat also has a strict free software policy, so it doesn't include proprietary codecs, Flash, etc. Flash is available from Adobe, and some of the others are available from third-party repos.
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