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Thread: wireless doesn't work on HP Pavilion DV6000 (ubuntu 12.04)

  1. #1
    Join Date
    Aug 2014
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    Exclamation wireless doesn't work on HP Pavilion DV6000 (ubuntu 12.04)

    Code:
    ########## wireless info START ##########
    
    Report from: 20 Aug 2014 18:42 ART -0300
    
    Script from: 17 Aug 2014 02:46 UTC +0000
    
    ##### release #####
    
    Distributor ID:    Ubuntu
    Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS
    Release:    14.04
    Codename:    trusty
    
    ##### kernel #####
    
    Linux 3.13.0-34-generic #60-Ubuntu SMP Wed Aug 13 15:49:09 UTC 2014 i686 athlon i686 GNU/Linux
    
    Parameters: ro, quiet, splash, vt.handoff=7
    
    ##### desktop #####
    
    Ubuntu
    
    ##### lspci #####
    
    06:02.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4318 [AirForce One 54g] 802.11g Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:4318] (rev 02)
        Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Broadcom 802.11b/g WLAN [103c:1355]
        Kernel driver in use: b43-pci-bridge
    
    06:06.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8100/8101L/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter [10ec:8139] (rev 10)
        Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:30a4]
        Kernel driver in use: 8139too
    
    ##### lsusb #####
    
    Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0781:5577 SanDisk Corp. 
    Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
    Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    
    ##### PCMCIA card info #####
    
    PRODID_1=""
    PRODID_2=""
    PRODID_3=""
    PRODID_4=""
    MANFID=0000,0000
    FUNCID=255
    
    ##### rfkill #####
    
    ##### lsmod #####
    
    b43                   356470  0 
    bcma                   42043  1 b43
    mac80211              546051  1 b43
    cfg80211              409394  2 b43,mac80211
    wmi                    18673  0 
    ssb                    51854  1 b43
    
    ##### interfaces #####
    
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback
    
    ##### ifconfig #####
    
    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr <MAC addr eth0>  
              inet addr:192.168.0.106  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::216:d4ff:fe37:69d4/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:11066 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:9738 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
              RX bytes:8350103 (8.3 MB)  TX bytes:1064829 (1.0 MB)
    
    ##### iwconfig #####
    
    lo        no wireless extensions.
    
    eth0      no wireless extensions.
    
    ##### route #####
    
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    0.0.0.0         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
    192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0
    
    ##### resolv.conf #####
    
    nameserver 127.0.1.1
    
    ##### nm-tool #####
    
    NetworkManager Tool
    
    State: connected (global)
    
    - Device: eth0  [Conexión cableada 1] -----------------------------------------
      Type:              Wired
      Driver:            8139too
      State:             connected
      Default:           yes
      HW Address:        <MAC addr eth0>
    
      Capabilities:
        Carrier Detect:  yes
        Speed:           100 Mb/s
    
      Wired Properties
        Carrier:         on
    
      IPv4 Settings:
        Address:         192.168.0.106
        Prefix:          24 (255.255.255.0)
        Gateway:         192.168.0.1
    
        DNS:             192.168.0.1
    
    ##### NetworkManager.state #####
    
    [main]
    NetworkingEnabled=true
    WirelessEnabled=true
    WWANEnabled=true
    WimaxEnabled=true
    
    ##### NetworkManager.conf #####
    
    [main]
    plugins=ifupdown,keyfile,ofono
    dns=dnsmasq
    
    [ifupdown]
    managed=false
    
    ##### iw reg get #####
    
    country 00:
        (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (3, 20)
        (2457 - 2482 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
        (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (3, 20), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
        (5170 - 5250 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
        (5735 - 5835 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
    
    ##### iwlist channels #####
    
    lo        no frequency information.
    
    eth0      no frequency information.
    
    ##### iwlist scan #####
    
    lo        Interface doesn't support scanning.
    
    eth0      Interface doesn't support scanning.
    
    ##### module infos #####
    
    [b43]
    filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-34-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/b43/b43.ko
    firmware:       b43/ucode9.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode5.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode16_mimo.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode15.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode14.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode13.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode11.fw
    license:        GPL
    author:         Rafał Miłecki
    author:         Gábor Stefanik
    author:         Michael Buesch
    author:         Stefano Brivio
    author:         Martin Langer
    description:    Broadcom B43 wireless driver
    srcversion:     42BAE2DB9BADE3E7ECA2CC0
    depends:        bcma,ssb,mac80211,cfg80211
    intree:         Y
    vermagic:       3.13.0-34-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 686 
    signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
    sig_key:        1B:7C:0F:16:16:8C:4B:25:C3:A0:5A:6A:43:09:1C:85:06:E3:73:DF
    sig_hashalgo:   sha512
    parm:           bad_frames_preempt:enable(1) / disable(0) Bad Frames Preemption (int)
    parm:           fwpostfix:Postfix for the .fw files to load. (string)
    parm:           hwpctl:Enable hardware-side power control (default off) (int)
    parm:           nohwcrypt:Disable hardware encryption. (int)
    parm:           hwtkip:Enable hardware tkip. (int)
    parm:           qos:Enable QOS support (default on) (int)
    parm:           btcoex:Enable Bluetooth coexistence (default on) (int)
    parm:           verbose:Log message verbosity: 0=error, 1=warn, 2=info(default), 3=debug (int)
    parm:           pio:Use PIO accesses by default: 0=DMA, 1=PIO (int)
    parm:           allhwsupport:Enable support for all hardware (even it if overlaps with the brcmsmac driver) (int)
    
    [bcma]
    filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-34-generic/kernel/drivers/bcma/bcma.ko
    license:        GPL
    description:    Broadcom's specific AMBA driver
    srcversion:     E41B811D88783DD5BC38565
    depends:        
    intree:         Y
    vermagic:       3.13.0-34-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 686 
    signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
    sig_key:        1B:7C:0F:16:16:8C:4B:25:C3:A0:5A:6A:43:09:1C:85:06:E3:73:DF
    sig_hashalgo:   sha512
    
    [ssb]
    filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-34-generic/kernel/drivers/ssb/ssb.ko
    license:        GPL
    description:    Sonics Silicon Backplane driver
    srcversion:     3DE188310F77C566C2E8CB3
    depends:        
    intree:         Y
    vermagic:       3.13.0-34-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 686 
    signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
    sig_key:        1B:7C:0F:16:16:8C:4B:25:C3:A0:5A:6A:43:09:1C:85:06:E3:73:DF
    sig_hashalgo:   sha512
    
    ##### module parameters #####
    
    [b43]
    allhwsupport: 0
    bad_frames_preempt: 0
    btcoex: 1
    hwpctl: 0
    hwtkip: 0
    nohwcrypt: 0
    pio: 0
    qos: 1
    verbose: 2
    
    ##### /etc/modules #####
    
    lp
    
    ##### blacklists #####
    
    [/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ath_pci.conf]
    blacklist ath_pci
    
    [/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf]
    blacklist evbug
    blacklist usbmouse
    blacklist usbkbd
    blacklist eepro100
    blacklist de4x5
    blacklist eth1394
    blacklist snd_intel8x0m
    blacklist snd_aw2
    blacklist i2c_i801
    blacklist prism54
    blacklist bcm43xx
    blacklist garmin_gps
    blacklist asus_acpi
    blacklist snd_pcsp
    blacklist pcspkr
    blacklist amd76x_edac
    
    ##### udev rules #####
    
    [/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules]
    # PCI device 0x10ec:0x8139 (8139too)
    SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="<MAC addr eth0>", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
    
    ##### dmesg #####
    
    [    1.637963] ssb: Found chip with id 0x4318, rev 0x02 and package 0x02
    [    1.637981] ssb: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (cc 0x800, rev 0x0D, vendor 0x4243)
    [    1.637990] ssb: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (cc 0x812, rev 0x09, vendor 0x4243)
    [    1.637999] ssb: Core 2 found: PCI (cc 0x804, rev 0x0C, vendor 0x4243)
    [    1.638008] ssb: Core 3 found: PCMCIA (cc 0x80D, rev 0x07, vendor 0x4243)
    [    1.681161] ssb: Sonics Silicon Backplane found on PCI device 0000:06:02.0
    [   14.003896] b43-phy0: Broadcom 4318 WLAN found (core revision 9)
    [   14.052037] b43-phy0: Found PHY: Analog 3, Type 2 (G), Revision 7
    [   14.605079] b43 ssb0:0: Direct firmware load failed with error -2
    [   14.605087] b43 ssb0:0: Falling back to user helper
    [   14.606117] b43 ssb0:0: Direct firmware load failed with error -2
    [   14.606121] b43 ssb0:0: Falling back to user helper
    [   14.609523] b43 ssb0:0: Direct firmware load failed with error -2
    [   14.609528] b43 ssb0:0: Falling back to user helper
    [   14.610199] b43 ssb0:0: Direct firmware load failed with error -2
    [   14.610203] b43 ssb0:0: Falling back to user helper
    [   14.613339] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43/ucode5.fw" not found
    [   14.613348] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43-open/ucode5.fw" not found
    [   14.613353] b43-phy0 ERROR: You must go to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43#devicefirmware and download the correct firmware for this driver version. Please carefully read all instructions on this website.
    
    ########## wireless info END ############
    Code:
    ########## wireless info START ##########
    
    Report from: 20 Aug 2014 18:42 ART -0300
    
    Script from: 17 Aug 2014 02:46 UTC +0000
    
    ##### release #####
    
    Distributor ID:    Ubuntu
    Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS
    Release:    14.04
    Codename:    trusty
    
    ##### kernel #####
    
    Linux 3.13.0-34-generic #60-Ubuntu SMP Wed Aug 13 15:49:09 UTC 2014 i686 athlon i686 GNU/Linux
    
    Parameters: ro, quiet, splash, vt.handoff=7
    
    ##### desktop #####
    
    Ubuntu
    
    ##### lspci #####
    
    06:02.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4318 [AirForce One 54g] 802.11g Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:4318] (rev 02)
        Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Broadcom 802.11b/g WLAN [103c:1355]
        Kernel driver in use: b43-pci-bridge
    
    06:06.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8100/8101L/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter [10ec:8139] (rev 10)
        Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:30a4]
        Kernel driver in use: 8139too
    
    ##### lsusb #####
    
    Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0781:5577 SanDisk Corp. 
    Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
    Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
    
    ##### PCMCIA card info #####
    
    PRODID_1=""
    PRODID_2=""
    PRODID_3=""
    PRODID_4=""
    MANFID=0000,0000
    FUNCID=255
    
    ##### rfkill #####
    
    ##### lsmod #####
    
    b43                   356470  0 
    bcma                   42043  1 b43
    mac80211              546051  1 b43
    cfg80211              409394  2 b43,mac80211
    wmi                    18673  0 
    ssb                    51854  1 b43
    
    ##### interfaces #####
    
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback
    
    ##### ifconfig #####
    
    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr <MAC addr eth0>  
              inet addr:192.168.0.106  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::216:d4ff:fe37:69d4/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:11066 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:9738 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
              RX bytes:8350103 (8.3 MB)  TX bytes:1064829 (1.0 MB)
    
    ##### iwconfig #####
    
    lo        no wireless extensions.
    
    eth0      no wireless extensions.
    
    ##### route #####
    
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    0.0.0.0         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
    192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth0
    
    ##### resolv.conf #####
    
    nameserver 127.0.1.1
    
    ##### nm-tool #####
    
    NetworkManager Tool
    
    State: connected (global)
    
    - Device: eth0  [Conexión cableada 1] -----------------------------------------
      Type:              Wired
      Driver:            8139too
      State:             connected
      Default:           yes
      HW Address:        <MAC addr eth0>
    
      Capabilities:
        Carrier Detect:  yes
        Speed:           100 Mb/s
    
      Wired Properties
        Carrier:         on
    
      IPv4 Settings:
        Address:         192.168.0.106
        Prefix:          24 (255.255.255.0)
        Gateway:         192.168.0.1
    
        DNS:             192.168.0.1
    
    ##### NetworkManager.state #####
    
    [main]
    NetworkingEnabled=true
    WirelessEnabled=true
    WWANEnabled=true
    WimaxEnabled=true
    
    ##### NetworkManager.conf #####
    
    [main]
    plugins=ifupdown,keyfile,ofono
    dns=dnsmasq
    
    [ifupdown]
    managed=false
    
    ##### iw reg get #####
    
    country 00:
        (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (3, 20)
        (2457 - 2482 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
        (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (3, 20), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
        (5170 - 5250 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
        (5735 - 5835 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
    
    ##### iwlist channels #####
    
    lo        no frequency information.
    
    eth0      no frequency information.
    
    ##### iwlist scan #####
    
    lo        Interface doesn't support scanning.
    
    eth0      Interface doesn't support scanning.
    
    ##### module infos #####
    
    [b43]
    filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-34-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/b43/b43.ko
    firmware:       b43/ucode9.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode5.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode16_mimo.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode15.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode14.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode13.fw
    firmware:       b43/ucode11.fw
    license:        GPL
    author:         Rafał Miłecki
    author:         Gábor Stefanik
    author:         Michael Buesch
    author:         Stefano Brivio
    author:         Martin Langer
    description:    Broadcom B43 wireless driver
    srcversion:     42BAE2DB9BADE3E7ECA2CC0
    depends:        bcma,ssb,mac80211,cfg80211
    intree:         Y
    vermagic:       3.13.0-34-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 686 
    signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
    sig_key:        1B:7C:0F:16:16:8C:4B:25:C3:A0:5A:6A:43:09:1C:85:06:E3:73:DF
    sig_hashalgo:   sha512
    parm:           bad_frames_preempt:enable(1) / disable(0) Bad Frames Preemption (int)
    parm:           fwpostfix:Postfix for the .fw files to load. (string)
    parm:           hwpctl:Enable hardware-side power control (default off) (int)
    parm:           nohwcrypt:Disable hardware encryption. (int)
    parm:           hwtkip:Enable hardware tkip. (int)
    parm:           qos:Enable QOS support (default on) (int)
    parm:           btcoex:Enable Bluetooth coexistence (default on) (int)
    parm:           verbose:Log message verbosity: 0=error, 1=warn, 2=info(default), 3=debug (int)
    parm:           pio:Use PIO accesses by default: 0=DMA, 1=PIO (int)
    parm:           allhwsupport:Enable support for all hardware (even it if overlaps with the brcmsmac driver) (int)
    
    [bcma]
    filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-34-generic/kernel/drivers/bcma/bcma.ko
    license:        GPL
    description:    Broadcom's specific AMBA driver
    srcversion:     E41B811D88783DD5BC38565
    depends:        
    intree:         Y
    vermagic:       3.13.0-34-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 686 
    signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
    sig_key:        1B:7C:0F:16:16:8C:4B:25:C3:A0:5A:6A:43:09:1C:85:06:E3:73:DF
    sig_hashalgo:   sha512
    
    [ssb]
    filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-34-generic/kernel/drivers/ssb/ssb.ko
    license:        GPL
    description:    Sonics Silicon Backplane driver
    srcversion:     3DE188310F77C566C2E8CB3
    depends:        
    intree:         Y
    vermagic:       3.13.0-34-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 686 
    signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
    sig_key:        1B:7C:0F:16:16:8C:4B:25:C3:A0:5A:6A:43:09:1C:85:06:E3:73:DF
    sig_hashalgo:   sha512
    
    ##### module parameters #####
    
    [b43]
    allhwsupport: 0
    bad_frames_preempt: 0
    btcoex: 1
    hwpctl: 0
    hwtkip: 0
    nohwcrypt: 0
    pio: 0
    qos: 1
    verbose: 2
    
    ##### /etc/modules #####
    
    lp
    
    ##### blacklists #####
    
    [/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ath_pci.conf]
    blacklist ath_pci
    
    [/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf]
    blacklist evbug
    blacklist usbmouse
    blacklist usbkbd
    blacklist eepro100
    blacklist de4x5
    blacklist eth1394
    blacklist snd_intel8x0m
    blacklist snd_aw2
    blacklist i2c_i801
    blacklist prism54
    blacklist bcm43xx
    blacklist garmin_gps
    blacklist asus_acpi
    blacklist snd_pcsp
    blacklist pcspkr
    blacklist amd76x_edac
    
    ##### udev rules #####
    
    [/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules]
    # PCI device 0x10ec:0x8139 (8139too)
    SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="<MAC addr eth0>", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
    
    ##### dmesg #####
    
    [    1.637963] ssb: Found chip with id 0x4318, rev 0x02 and package 0x02
    [    1.637981] ssb: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (cc 0x800, rev 0x0D, vendor 0x4243)
    [    1.637990] ssb: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (cc 0x812, rev 0x09, vendor 0x4243)
    [    1.637999] ssb: Core 2 found: PCI (cc 0x804, rev 0x0C, vendor 0x4243)
    [    1.638008] ssb: Core 3 found: PCMCIA (cc 0x80D, rev 0x07, vendor 0x4243)
    [    1.681161] ssb: Sonics Silicon Backplane found on PCI device 0000:06:02.0
    [   14.003896] b43-phy0: Broadcom 4318 WLAN found (core revision 9)
    [   14.052037] b43-phy0: Found PHY: Analog 3, Type 2 (G), Revision 7
    [   14.605079] b43 ssb0:0: Direct firmware load failed with error -2
    [   14.605087] b43 ssb0:0: Falling back to user helper
    [   14.606117] b43 ssb0:0: Direct firmware load failed with error -2
    [   14.606121] b43 ssb0:0: Falling back to user helper
    [   14.609523] b43 ssb0:0: Direct firmware load failed with error -2
    [   14.609528] b43 ssb0:0: Falling back to user helper
    [   14.610199] b43 ssb0:0: Direct firmware load failed with error -2
    [   14.610203] b43 ssb0:0: Falling back to user helper
    [   14.613339] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43/ucode5.fw" not found
    [   14.613348] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43-open/ucode5.fw" not found
    [   14.613353] b43-phy0 ERROR: You must go to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43#devicefirmware and download the correct firmware for this driver version. Please carefully read all instructions on this website.
    
    ########## wireless info END ############
    Attached Files Attached Files
    Last edited by QIII; August 20th, 2014 at 11:18 PM. Reason: replaced unformatted text attachements with text in code tags

  2. #2
    Join Date
    Dec 2009
    Location
    Fareham, UK
    Beans
    2,382
    Distro
    Ubuntu

    Re: wireless doesn't work on HP Pavilion DV6000 (ubuntu 12.04)

    Welcome Enrique

    You have the wrong driver installed, in theory easy enough to rectify.

    Plug in an ethernet cable and open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T is the quick way), then type in and run
    Code:
    sudo apt-get purge b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-installer
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
    sudo reboot
    While the computer is rebooting unplug the cable.

    Let us know what happens.

    ps I am going to ask one of the moderators to move your post and this answer to its own thread. So if you cannot find it easily after click on 'Quick Links' at the top of the page and select 'Find My Posts'

  3. #3
    Join Date
    Feb 2007
    Beans
    24,961
    Distro
    Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa

    Re: wireless doesn't work on HP Pavilion DV6000 (ubuntu 12.04)

    Hi and welcome, moved to own thread.

  4. #4
    Join Date
    Jul 2008
    Location
    The Left Coast of the USA
    Beans
    Hidden!
    Distro
    Kubuntu

    Re: wireless doesn't work on HP Pavilion DV6000 (ubuntu 12.04)

    Simultaneous moderator action on both the move and the text cleanup!

    Woot!
    Please read The Forum Rules and The Forum Posting Guidelines

    A thing discovered and kept to oneself must be discovered time and again by others. A thing discovered and shared with others need be discovered only the once.
    This universe is crazy. I'm going back to my own.

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