S.M.A.R.T. information is collected by the built-in systems of modern HDDs. A summary can often be seen in a BIOS setup menu.
You can also see it with smartctl that is installed with the package smartmontools
Code:
sudo apt-get install smartmontools
See There are examples near the end of the manual. For example
Code:
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
Code:
sudo smartctl -t long /dev/hdc
Begin an extended self-test of drive /dev/hdc. You can issue this command on a running system.
The results can be seen in the self-test log visible with the ´-l selftest´ option after it has
completed.
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