The History is saved on the database file
places.sqlite in your profile folder (~/.mozilla/firefox/<profilename>/places.sqlite). If you lost your history, then most likely the database got corrupted or lost data during the crash.
If you have Sync featured enabled already in the preferences, then you could try to replace the data in your browser with the data from the server. To do that, open the
Preferences, click the
Sync tab, then click
Manage Account, then
Reset Sync, then R
eplace all data in this computer with my Sync data, then click Next and follow instructions.
If you don't have Sync enabled, then unfortunately, I don't think you will be able to recover the history. However, you can delete the places.sqlite file (close Firefox and make a copy first) and restore a bookmark backup from the Bookmark Manager. Type CTRL+SHIFT+O, then click "Import & Backup >> Restore". This will probably recover some lost bookmarks and fix issues if the database is corrupted.
Using Sync and making backups of your profile folder regularly is highly recommended. I also recommend using
Session Manager extension for saving tabs and sessions.
Bookmarks