There's your sensor chip. It's a Nuvoton NCT6776F. The driver is still in testing stage and not in the kernel, but you can build your own kernel module: http://roeck-us.net/linux/drivers/w83627ehf/
The versions of lm-sensors and the kernel found in Ubuntu 10.10 have been around longer I'm guessing that a Natty/11.04 LiveCD would at least see the i7's internal sensor.(IIRC Asus P8P67PRO & Intel i7-2600K have been around for some months ?)
Also, development of a driver for a new sensor chip can take a while. People have to start demanding it on the lm-sensors mailing list, and then sample hardware has to find its way into the hands of a capable dev.
http://lm-sensors.org/wiki/Devices
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