How to create a DVD-Video image under Linux with mkisofs
Prerequisites:
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Prerequisite is that you have a valid VIDEO_TS/AUDIO_TS structure with valid VOB, BUP and IFO files. If any of those files are not up to the spec of the DVD-Video specification the burned video will not play in a stand alone player. This document is not how to rip a DVD or author a DVD it's about the image and burning part of the DVD-Video making.
The VIDEO_TS/AUDIO_TS can look something like this if you do a ls -lR in the top directory.
It's important that you have both the AUDIO_TS and VIDEO_TS directory even if shouldn't make a difference if the AUDIO_TS one is missing. Some player simply refuse to play the disk if there is no AUDIO_TS directory. You must have all file names in UPPER CASE, all files should have the 400 permission and directories should have 500 permission. I don't know how important the latter once are but it's always nice to be on the safe side.Code:.: total 16 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 22 18:45 . dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 22 19:08 .. dr-x------ 2 root root 4096 Jan 22 16:34 AUDIO_TS dr-x------ 2 root root 4096 Jan 22 18:58 VIDEO_TS ./AUDIO_TS: total 8 dr-x------ 2 root root 4096 Jan 22 16:34 . dr-x------ 4 root root 4096 Jan 22 18:45 .. ./VIDEO_TS: total 4051408 dr-x------ 2 root root 4096 Jan 22 18:58 . dr-x------ 4 root root 4096 Jan 22 18:45 .. -r-------- 1 root root 12288 Jan 22 16:47 VIDEO_TS.BUP -r-------- 1 root root 159744 Jan 22 16:34 VIDEO_TS.VOB -r-------- 1 root root 71680 Jan 22 16:47 VTS_01_0.BUP -r-------- 1 root root 71680 Jan 22 16:47 VTS_01_0.IFO -r-------- 1 root root 159744 Jan 22 16:34 VTS_01_0.VOB -r-------- 1 root root 1073565696 Jan 22 16:47 VTS_01_1.VOB -r-------- 1 root root 1073565696 Jan 22 16:47 VTS_01_2.VOB -r-------- 1 root root 1073565696 Jan 22 16:47 VTS_01_3.VOB -r-------- 1 root root 1073565696 Jan 22 16:47 VTS_01_4.VOB -r-------- 1 root root 923359232 Jan 22 16:47 VTS_01_5.VOB
DVD-Video physical layout:
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In order to make a valid DVD-Video image the files in the image has to ordered in a specific physical order. It's important the the first file on the disk is the VIDEO_TS.IFO file. The DVD player will seek the VIDEO_TS.IFO and from it get the information on which sectors the other files start and end
The physical layout must follow the roules in the VIDEO_TS.IFO, and the VTS_XX_0.IFO files. E.g if the VIDEO_TS.IFO specifies that VTS_01_0.IFO starts at sector 345 (offset from VIDEO_TS.IFO) it must do so. There are similar "rules" in all the IFO files.
It's also imperative that VTS_XX_1.VOB comes before VTS_XX_2.VOB sector wise. A stand alone DVD player doesn't have a clue about individual VOB files and plays them in one chunk starting at sector X and end at sector Y.
The file order is as follows in our case:
If your DVD-Video would contain more than one "vob" set it could looks like this (In this case we had a VIDEO_TS.VOB menu VOBS are optional hence you may not have a VTS_XX_0.VOB)Code:VIDEO_TS.IFO VIDEO_TS.BUP VTS_01_0.IFO VTS_01_0.VOB VTS_01_1.VOB VTS_01_2.VOB VTS_01_3.VOB VTS_01_4.VOB VTS_01_5.VOB VTS_01_0.BUP
Code:VIDEO_TS.IFO VIDEO_TS.VOB VIDEO_TS.BUP VTS_01_0.IFO VTS_01_0.VOB VTS_01_1.VOB VTS_01_2.VOB VTS_01_3.VOB VTS_01_4.VOB VTS_01_0.BUP VTS_02_0.IFO VTS_02_0.VOB VTS_02_1.VOB VTS_02_2.VOB VTS_02_3.VOB VTS_02_4.VOB VTS_02_0.BUP
Controlling the physical layout of the iso/udf image:
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To be able to control the physical layout of the iso/udf DVD-Video image you will need the 1.11a27 alpha/beta of mkisofs it includes the latest patches that enables
mkisofs to parse the IFO files and extract the information how to layout the DVD-Video file structure. Mkisofs - allready has capability to sort the files so you don't need to do anything besides using the right switch.
Making the image with mkisofs:
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Now when we have made the sort file we are ready to burn the image. Let say that we have the top of our AUDIO_TS/VIDEO_TS structure under /DVD_PROJECTS/HOMEDVD/ an example session of mkisofs would be like this.
################################################## #####################Code:$ cd /DVD_PROJECTS/HOMEDVD/ $ ls -R .: . .. AUDIO_TS VIDEO_TS ./AUDIO_TS: . .. ./VIDEO_TS: . VIDEO_TS.BUP VIDEO_TS.VOB VTS_01_0.IFO VTS_01_1.VOB VTS_01_3.VOB .. VIDEO_TS.IFO VTS_01_0.BUP VTS_01_0.VOB VTS_01_2.VOB VTS_01_4.VOB
# Now we know that every thing is correct and we can make the image!
################################################## #####################
Code:$ cd / $ mkisofs -dvd-video -o /DVD_PROJECTS/homedvd.img /DVD_PROJECTS/HOMEDVD/ 0.25% done, estimate finish Tue Jan 22 19:14:54 2002 0.49% done, estimate finish Tue Jan 22 19:11:33 2002 [SNIP] 99.80% done, estimate finish Tue Jan 22 19:12:21 2002 Total translation table size: 0 Total rockridge attributes bytes: 0 Total directory bytes: 4096 Path table size(bytes): 42 Max brk space used 4000 2024016 extents written (3953 Mb) $
Verifying the image with isoinfo:
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It's always a good idea to verify the image before we burn it.
It's the numbers between the brackets that we are interested in. It tells us theCode:$ isoinfo -i homedvd.img -l Directory listing of / d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 9 2002 [ 277] . d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 9 2002 [ 277] .. d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 9 2002 [ 278] VIDEO_TS Directory listing of /VIDEO_TS/ d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 9 2002 [ 278] . d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Feb 9 2002 [ 277] .. ---------- 0 0 0 8192 Feb 9 2002 [ 311] VIDEO_TS.BUP;1 ---------- 0 0 0 8192 Feb 9 2002 [ 279] VIDEO_TS.IFO;1 ---------- 0 0 0 86016 Feb 9 2002 [2136055] VTS_01_0.BUP;1 ---------- 0 0 0 86016 Feb 9 2002 [ 343] VTS_01_0.IFO;1 ---------- 0 0 0 4345856 Feb 9 2002 [ 407] VTS_01_0.VOB;1 ---------- 0 0 0 1073739776 Feb 9 2002 [ 2551] VTS_01_1.VOB;1 ---------- 0 0 0 1073739776 Feb 9 2002 [ 526838] VTS_01_2.VOB;1 ---------- 0 0 0 1073739776 Feb 9 2002 [1051125] VTS_01_3.VOB;1 ---------- 0 0 0 1073739776 Feb 9 2002 [1575412] VTS_01_4.VOB;1 ---------- 0 0 0 74405888 Feb 9 2002 [2099699] VTS_01_5.VOB;1
start sector of each file. VIDEO_TS.IFO must have the lowest sector number of
all files!
Now do the same on your original DVD-Video (I'm asuming that you are doing a backup). The important thing here is to do a "original-VIDEO_TS.IFO-startsector - copy-VIDEO_TS.IFO-startsector" and note down the diff between the files. Now repete the same calculation for each of the files. The diff should be the same for all file pairs.Code:[ 279] VIDEO_TS.IFO [ 311] VIDEO_TS.BUP [ 343] VTS_01_0.IFO [ 407] VTS_01_0.VOB [ 2551] VTS_01_1.VOB [ 526838] VTS_01_2.VOB [1051125] VTS_01_3.VOB [1575412] VTS_01_4.VOB [2099699] VTS_01_5.VOB [2136055] VTS_01_0.BUP
Now you can burn your image with your favourite software.
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