HOWTO: Setup A Headless Ubunutu CUPS Print-Server

[metalhippyrich]

This explains how to set up a headless Ubuntu CUPS print-server which allows printing, and can be administered, over a network (without having to install the gui). This is for Ubuntu 6.06 or 6.10.

I found the following a useful reference:
/usr/share/doc/cupsys/README.Debian.gz
(only available after installing cupsys)


Set Up The Server

Install Ubuntu Server
Install from the "Alternative" CD and select Server Installation

Perform an update

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade


Install cupsys 1.2 and openssh-server
These are available from the CD, so no need to add any repositories. Eg;

apt-get install cupsys openssh-server

You can now ssh in and could do the rest remotely.


Allow remote administration of CUPS
By default the cups server only allows local access and administration. Edit the cups config file to allow us to browse the print-sever remotely.

In Ubuntu 6.10 with cupsys 1.2.4 edit: /etc/cups/cupsd.conf

In Ubuntu 6.06 with cupsys 1.2.2 edit: /etc/cups/cups.d/browse.conf
(This file is then included in cupsd.conf)


Change: BrowseAllow @LOCAL
to: BrowseAllow all

Similarly, in the blocks:

<Location /> , <Location /admin> and <Location /admin/conf>

Change from: Allow localhost
to: Allow all


Set it to listen for connections from other machines
In the config file:

change: Listen localhost:631
to: Listen 631




Set CUPS so it doesn't try to use SSL (the default setting)
In the config file:

/etc/cups/cupsd.conf

Add the line:

DefaultEncryption Never

This should avoid the error: 426 - Upgrade Required when using the CUPS web interface.


Allow CUPS to read the password file
To do admin tasks remotely using the web interface, it will ask you for a password. In order to check this password CUPS needs to be able to read the password shadow file. To do this 'cupsys' needs to be a member of the group 'shadow'.

adduser cupsys shadow


Check the print-server's name is correctly known on the network
On our network we have a server with a list of host names, which needed updating. On our system this meant using the IPCop web interface and going to: Services > Edit Hosts, and checking that the name corresponding to the print-server's IP address was correct.


You should now be able administer CUPS through the web interface from any machine on the network(!). Use the print-server's name or IP address and port 631. Eg:

http://print-server-name.networkname:631 or: 192.168.0.20:631

You can then view jobs, add and manage printers etc.


Install some good drivers
Gutenprint (formerly known as gimp-print) includes a lot of recomended drivers, including the ones that we required for our Epson printers.

apt-get install cupsys-driver-gutenprint

Now, when you go through the Add Printer process there will be far more drivers available, hopefully including the recomended ones which actually work.


Add the Printers
Connect the printers to the print-server and use the web interface to add them.


On The Client Workstations

Allow network printing

Goto: System > Administration > Printing
then goto: Global Settings > Detect LAN Printers, and make sure it is ticked.


Note: Doing the above changes a line in the config file to:

Browsing On

In Ubuntu 6.10 with cupsys 1.2.4 this line appears directly in /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
In Ubuntu 6.06 with cupsys 1.2.2 this line is in the file /etc/cups/cups.d/browse.conf, which is then included in cupsd.conf.


Specify the CUPS server
To make the workstation pick up the printers published by our print server we have to tell it the CUPS server.
If it does not already exist, make a file:

/etc/cups/client.conf

and add the line:

ServerName 192.168.0.20

substituting your printserver's IP address or name.

Notes: We shouldn't really have to do this. If the printers are added using the Ubuntu GUI Printing Admin window they simply appear on all the other machines, without us specifying a print server.
However, we wanted to run a headless print server without installing the gui, so we add them through the CUPS web interface. When we do this we have to specify the CUPS server.
The file client.conf may exist as a complete config file on some older versions (cupsys 1.1 ?).


Acknowledgement

Thanks to ethridgt for the post:
Howto: configure cups on Ubuntu Server from command line
http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=240282

[altonbr]

I found this tutorial confusing. misleading, out-dated with current CUPS packages and conf files and the formatting was HARD to read. Please work on touching up this tutorial by using [ QUOTE] and [/ QUOTE] tags and using more seperated headers.

The client.conf, cups.d/browse.conf & cups.d/ports.conf are in seperate files from cupsd.conf and I'm using CUPS 1.2.2

[christhemonkey]

This howto worked fine for me.

(until my server decided to choke and need a new powersupply before it finished installing gutenprint drivers (tested using standard drivers first, so it did work fine))

[metalhippyrich]

Sorry you found it confusing, altonbr. I have now made it as clear as I possibly can. It is definitely upto date.
In Ubuntu 6.06 browse.conf & ports.conf are indeed in seperate files, but in 6.10 it's all just in cupsd.conf, as the notes in the howto explain.

[mbradlcu]

Well I guess everyone's entitled to their opinion,,, I actually loved the tutorial, it worked perfectly, was direct, informative and to the point. I hope you continue to contribute and I look forward to your future posts!!

[gimper48]

This tutorial worked wonderfully. Thanks...

[dmizer]

Specify the CUPS server
To make the workstation pick up the printers published by our print server we have to tell it the CUPS server.
If it does not already exist, make a file:

/etc/cups/client.conf

and add the line:

ServerName 192.168.0.20

substituting your printserver's IP address or name.

that was my missing link. had everything figured out except that. thank you so much.

[sinaen]

I have a real hard time to find the correct uri with my printer

I got an own kernel and somehow i think i disabled the printer-ports. and now i cannot find where its enabled again. and i cant find where the right uri is

Examples:

http://hostname:631/ipp/
http://hostname:631/ipp/port1

ipp://hostname/ipp/
ipp://hostname/ipp/port1

lpd://hostname/queue

socket://hostname
socket://hostname:9100

[sinaen]

do you know what was wrong, the guy i had bought the motherboard from had turned off paralell ports on the motherboard,
and now i have reinstalled the computer from a crash it works faster and more efficient...


it is better to put in the /etc/cups/cupsd.conf

Browseadress 192.168.0.255 or 192.168.0.*

and Allow is to be set 192.168.0.* or 192.168.0.255

to restrict it to the home network ip-addresses but you might already have found this one out,

because, Allow All, the outside of your firewall/gateway can get access if they know how to do it.
especially if you host a website or such then your server is routed to the outside.

I have a real hard time to find the correct uri with my printer

I got an own kernel and somehow i think i disabled the printer-ports. and now i cannot find where its enabled again. and i cant find where the right uri is

Examples:

http://hostname:631/ipp/
http://hostname:631/ipp/port1

ipp://hostname/ipp/
ipp://hostname/ipp/port1

lpd://hostname/queue

socket://hostname
socket://hostname:9100

[keithblack]

I registered on ubuntu forums just so I could say that this worked perfect for me on my headless ubuntu 6.06 server. Thanks, metalhippyrich