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Sounds like you over-wrote the EFI boot partition, which OS X needs.
Read up on EFI boot:
https://rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html
https://youtu.be/3xGoQogKH8c...

Sorry, I don't know the cause of this problem, but...
I had exactly this problem too. I changed microphone AND USB external sound card brands, and the problem went away. The one that's working also...

Heathkit H88, 1979. Used CP/M. Z80 processor.

I'm sorry to say I'm not sure from your description(s) what is happening...
Is it actually booting but ending in a black screen? That's more likely a graphics card/driver issue.
Or is it not...

Have you checked/Can you show us the "Connection Information" and the Edit connections IPV4 settings?

https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-macos#1-overview
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/How%20to%20install%20Ubuntu%20on%20MacBook%20using%20USB%20Stick

You create your own xorg.conf, because it isn't required for well-behaved hardware. It is useful for specifying the driver if a working driver for an older model works, for example. Or some option...

Install pavucontrol. It is a more elaborate sound settings app.
https://www.addictivetips.com/ubuntu-linux-tips/manage-audio-devices-on-linux-pavucontrol/

I "think" it's an amdgpu driver issue.
Try this: edit /etc/default/grub (I use sudo nano to edit such files)
edit this line: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
to read:...

What VNC server do you have installed? On my pi with raspbian, it installed RealVNC server. I have to use VNC Viewer from RealVNC to connect.

Here's one way:...

I think your problem is that you didn't use "EFI boot" when installing.
Look here:...

Have you been able to find out the wifi chip it uses? I "think" it's Broadcom B43xx. Start here:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/55868/installing-broadcom-wireless-drivers

I think you should try rsync again. here's a guide: https://eshop.macsales.com/blog/45185-mac-101-learn-the-power-of-rsync-for-backup-remote-archive-systems/
As far as I know, if the ubuntu drive...

I don't think Internet Printing means anything in your context.
Please tell us more detail about how your two VLANS are connected: router/switch, nested routers, etc.

RE: CUPS. Disappointing that it doesn't do what it says. Like I said, I hadn't tried it in the real world.

I'm not certain because I only have one printer connected now...
But, in the local CUPS server, there are settings for Default Options like: Media Size Media Source, Resolution.
To get access, use...

Try this: (if you haven't damaged the Ubuntu drive, but it may also show the USB if you need it.)
Power on
Immediately hold down the Option Key and hold it until you see the Mac's boot selector...

Vivaldi - like Brave, it is based on Chrome.

To avoid that specific issue, here's what I do -
Keep the home directory on the boot drive, but link (ln -s) to the typical home folders (Documents, Downloads, etc) on the second drive.

That add-on is required for ZOOM meetings.

I don't have Catalina installed, but I see this addressed here:
https://sourceforge.net/p/refind/discussion/general/thread/1a96f5bd6d/?limit=25

I'm not sure I can help, but do you mean you are on an Open Directory/Active Directory/LDAP network that you have to log into?

I read here that the latest version of Gutenprint includes the Canon G1200 driver, and that works for the G1010....

A little more info, please. Are you trying to get into Ubuntu or into MacOS? "boot on dual mode" doesn't mean anything to me. Do you mean it has dual boot capability?
Which OS CAN you boot into? Or...