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Shane, they changed the code on the github, try
sudo make dkms_install

This didn't happen with Ubuntu 16.04 or 18.04 installs. They should already know what needs to be updated for the hwe kernel to work in the LTS as the packages already work on the short term support...

I messed up the first command because of a copy/paste but kernel update issues are rare, I have only had one in 6 years but they do happen

Do
sudo apt purge backport-iwlwifi-dkms
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-headers-5.8.0-38-generic linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-38-generic
Reboot if no errors

Do
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-modules-extra-$(uname -r)
Reboot

What results for
dpkg -l | grep linux-modules-extra-$(uname -r); dkms status; modinfo iwlwifi

Try
sudo modprobe iwlwifi

The 8087:0a2a device is Intel Bluetooth but there is no sign of the bluetooth firmware loading

Check in terminal
dpkg -l | grep linux-modules-extra
See if the versions are missing for the kernels that have issues

You installed Ubuntu in UEFI mode when Windows was installed in Legacy/BIOS mode

Post results from terminal for
lsusb; dmesg | egrep -i 'blue|firm'

I think if you install 20.04 or 20.04.1 without internet, so it doesn't update, you should be able to boot into the install and remove the linux-generic-hwe-20.04 and install linux-generic before...

Post results from terminal for
dpkg -l | grep linux-modules-extra-$(uname -r)

You can use the grub menu/advanced options to boot into a 5.4 kernel where everything should work from there you should be able to

sudo apt remove linux-image-5.8.0-36-generic...

Moved to Ubuntu/Debian based

Yes indeed as in the past only the second point release caused this madness

I did notice that the 20.04 Beta ISO did not have the hwe installed according to the manifest file but instead used linux-generic which would keep you on 5.4

The spec sheet I looked at showed that the 7080 used a combo wifi/bluetooth card that was either Intel or Atheros, no mention of a module like they used on older laptops

Is there some option in BIOS to enable wifi and/or bluetooth?

Post results for
usb-devices | awk '/8505/' RS=

Please post result from terminal for
uname -a

TJ on IRC said that the 20.04 desktop ISO had the hwe listed in the manifest. It is possible that an update in the past removed the hwe and installed linux-generic. My ISO was dated 24 April 2020...

Actually it happened on a fresh install with updates enabled. I then reinstalled without internet, did a sudo apt update and then looked at results from the apt policy command, it showed a 5.4...

It is coming from normal upgrades, you can check to see the results from
apt policy linux-generic-hwe-20.04
If you want to avoid the 5.8 kernels, you might have to
sudo apt remove...

I have no idea why people with 20.04 and the 5.4 kernels were updated to the 5.8. I did a fresh 20.04 install yesterday using an old ISO and I had the 5.8 kernel and haven't been able to find out why