View Full Version : linking question
queency
November 10th, 2007, 09:49 AM
Hi guys:
when i: g++ main.cc databaseWrap.cc /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
everythink compiled and linked ok !
when i gcc main.cc databaseWrap.cc
all compiled ok!
when i:ld main.o databaseWrap.o /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 0000000000400848
main.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
main.cc:(.text+0x28): undefined reference to `__dso_handle'
what is wrong with my linkage section ??
Hi guys:
when i: g++ main.cc databaseWrap.cc /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
everythink compiled and linked ok !
when i gcc main.cc databaseWrap.cc
all compiled ok!
when i:ld main.o databaseWrap.o /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 0000000000400848
main.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
main.cc:(.text+0x28): undefined reference to `__dso_handle'
what is wrong with my linkage section ??
smartbei
November 10th, 2007, 10:46 AM
Not sure about actual problem, but please fix a few things in your formatting to help other readers:
Why does the same text appear twice in your post? (Copy and paste twice???)
Please use the quote and/or code tags to enclose code (See the # symbol in the "advanced" editor for example).
Please remove smilies from your post by checking that option under "Miscellaneous Options" when posting or editing "advanced"
EDIT: Maybe I do have an idea about the actual problem (might be wrong though - this is just from googling a bit):
I think you are missing a -o option in your linking command. You have:
ld main.o databaseWrap.o /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
According to http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/manual/ld-2.9.1/html_mono/ld.html#SEC3 It should be in the format:
ld -o output /lib/crt0.o hello.o
Try adding the -o.
hod139
November 10th, 2007, 03:44 PM
when i: g++ main.cc databaseWrap.cc /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
everythink compiled and linked ok !
when i gcc main.cc databaseWrap.cc
all compiled ok!
Why are you switching between gcc and g++? Use g++ for C++ code and gcc for C code. Also, try using g++ for the linking.
Kadrus
November 10th, 2007, 03:57 PM
Euuh..GCC doesn't compile C++..
Try using Anjuta for C++..I don't think you will have any probs..
Compyx
November 10th, 2007, 04:20 PM
Euuh..GCC doesn't compile C++..
Try using Anjuta for C++..I don't think you will have any probs..
GCC does compile C++, just call the C++ front-end of GCC with g++ and the C front-end with gcc. GCC stands for the GNU Compiler Collection. And what do you think Anjuta calls when you ask it to compile C++ code? Yep: GCC's C++ compiler: g++. It also uses the GNU Autotools to set up makefiles so you can compile and link properly.
As soon as I have more than one source file, or if I need to link against a library, I use a makefile. That's what the OP should do, along with using [code] tags around the commands and their output.
the_unforgiven
November 10th, 2007, 05:01 PM
Hi guys:
when i: g++ main.cc databaseWrap.cc /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
everythink compiled and linked ok !
when i gcc main.cc databaseWrap.cc
all compiled ok!
when i:ld main.o databaseWrap.o /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 0000000000400848
main.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
main.cc:(.text+0x28): undefined reference to `__dso_handle'
what is wrong with my linkage section ??
You might want to study the output of:
g++ -v main.cc databaseWrap.cc /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
The -v option tells GCC to be verbose about each step that it carries out - so you can see all the compilation steps separated. Just take a look at the step that calls collect2 - the GCC linker which internally calls ld.so.2 - the dynamic linker/loader.
HTH ;)
queency
November 10th, 2007, 07:48 PM
thanks very much for all that respond
i will surelly use the -v option next time i GCC
g++ compiles and links OK
Another thing :
I have added the library sqlite3 in the Project Properties Package (Anjuta)
Anjuta 2.2.0 compile my project properly
But
Doesn't link the Project
I think it uses Make and i don't know how to handle make yet.
Does Anjuta have bugs ?
NathanB
November 10th, 2007, 09:03 PM
Euuh..GCC doesn't compile C++..
Try using Anjuta for C++..I don't think you will have any probs..
Nonsense. The command "gcc" looks at the extension of the files being passed to it to determine which back-end language compiler to use. Issue the following command to learn how many languages are supported by gcc:
$ man gcc
regular C code...
$ gcc -o myprog myprog.c
some C++ code...
$ gcc -o myplusplus myplusplus.C
a C++ program which includes a C module...
$ gcc -o MultiLangDemo plusplus.C module.c
dwhitney67
November 10th, 2007, 11:05 PM
NathanB -
What GCC compiler are you using? I have gcc-4.1.2.
When I try to compile this simple program:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout << "hello world" << std::endl;
}
with gcc, in the following manner:
gcc hello.cpp
I get these errors:
/tmp/cca3FKCL.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x23): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'
/tmp/cca3FKCL.o: In function `__tcf_0':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x6c): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()'
/tmp/cca3FKCL.o: In function `main':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x8e): undefined reference to `std::cout'
hello.cpp:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)'
hello.cpp:(.text+0x9b): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)'
hello.cpp:(.text+0xa3): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&))'
/tmp/cca3FKCL.o:(.eh_frame+0x11): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
You claim that gcc works when compiling C++ programs, and even stated that it was "nonsense" what someone had written earlier (that gcc is for C programs, g++ for C++). Do you care to elaborate?
dwhitney67
November 10th, 2007, 11:14 PM
thanks very much for all that respond
i will surelly use the -v option next time i GCC
g++ compiles and links OK
Another thing :
I have added the library sqlite3 in the Project Properties Package (Anjuta)
Anjuta 2.2.0 compile my project properly
But
Doesn't link the Project
I think it uses Make and i don't know how to handle make yet.
Does Anjuta have bugs ?
Did you ever try compiling/linking as follows:
$ g++ main.cc databaseWrap.cc -l sqlite3
NathanB
November 11th, 2007, 01:17 AM
NathanB -
What GCC compiler are you using? I have gcc-4.1.2.
When I try to compile this simple program:
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout << "hello world" << std::endl;
}
with gcc, in the following manner:
gcc hello.cpp
I get these errors:
/tmp/cca3FKCL.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x23): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'
/tmp/cca3FKCL.o: In function `__tcf_0':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x6c): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()'
/tmp/cca3FKCL.o: In function `main':
hello.cpp:(.text+0x8e): undefined reference to `std::cout'
hello.cpp:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)'
hello.cpp:(.text+0x9b): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)'
hello.cpp:(.text+0xa3): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&))'
/tmp/cca3FKCL.o:(.eh_frame+0x11): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
You claim that gcc works when compiling C++ programs, and even stated that it was "nonsense" what someone had written earlier (that gcc is for C programs, g++ for C++). Do you care to elaborate?
Then, evidently, *you* need to read the gcc man page. Here are some significant snippets of said document:
NAME
gcc - GNU project C and C++ compiler
...
Most of the command line options that you can use with GCC are useful
for C programs; when an option is only useful with another language
(usually C++), the explanation says so explicitly. If the description
for a particular option does not mention a source language, you can use
that option with all supported languages.
...
Options Controlling the Kind of Output
Compilation can involve up to four stages: preprocessing, compilation
proper, assembly and linking, always in that order. GCC is capable of
preprocessing and compiling several files either into several assembler
input files, or into one assembler input file; then each assembler
input file produces an object file, and linking combines all the object
files (those newly compiled, and those specified as input) into an exe‐
cutable file.
For any given input file, the file name suffix determines what kind of
compilation is done:
file.c
C source code which must be preprocessed.
file.i
C source code which should not be preprocessed.
file.ii
C++ source code which should not be preprocessed.
file.m
Objective-C source code. Note that you must link with the libobjc
library to make an Objective-C program work.
file.mi
Objective-C source code which should not be preprocessed.
file.mm
file.M
Objective-C++ source code. Note that you must link with the
libobjc library to make an Objective-C++ program work. Note that
.M refers to a literal capital M.
file.mii
Objective-C++ source code which should not be preprocessed.
file.h
C, C++, Objective-C or Objective-C++ header file to be turned into
a precompiled header.
file.cc
file.cp
file.cxx
file.cpp
file.CPP
file.c++
file.C
C++ source code which must be preprocessed. Note that in .cxx, the
last two letters must both be literally x. Likewise, .C refers to
a literal capital C.
file.hh
file.H
C++ header file to be turned into a precompiled header.
file.f
file.for
file.FOR
Fortran source code which should not be preprocessed.
file.F
file.fpp
file.FPP
Fortran source code which must be preprocessed (with the tradi‐
tional preprocessor).
file.r
Fortran source code which must be preprocessed with a RATFOR pre‐
processor (not included with GCC).
file.f90
file.f95
Fortran 90/95 source code which should not be preprocessed.
file.ads
Ada source code file which contains a library unit declaration (a
declaration of a package, subprogram, or generic, or a generic
instantiation), or a library unit renaming declaration (a package,
generic, or subprogram renaming declaration). Such files are also
called specs.
file.adb
Ada source code file containing a library unit body (a subprogram
or package body). Such files are also called bodies.
file.s
Assembler code.
file.S
Assembler code which must be preprocessed.
other
An object file to be fed straight into linking. Any file name with
no recognized suffix is treated this way.
You can specify the input language explicitly with the -x option:
-x language
Specify explicitly the language for the following input files
(rather than letting the compiler choose a default based on the
file name suffix). This option applies to all following input
files until the next -x option. Possible values for language are:
c c-header c-cpp-output
c++ c++-header c++-cpp-output
objective-c objective-c-header objective-c-cpp-output
objective-c++ objective-c++-header objective-c++-cpp-output
assembler assembler-with-cpp
ada
f77 f77-cpp-input ratfor
f95
java
treelang
-x none
Turn off any specification of a language, so that subsequent files
are handled according to their file name suffixes (as they are if
-x has not been used at all).
...
If you only want some of the stages of compilation, you can use -x (or
filename suffixes) to tell gcc where to start, and one of the options
-c, -S, or -E to say where gcc is to stop. Note that some combinations
(for example, -x cpp-output -E) instruct gcc to do nothing at all.
...
Compiling C++ Programs
C++ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes .C, .cc, .cpp,
.CPP, .c++, .cp, or .cxx; C++ header files often use .hh or .H; and
preprocessed C++ files use the suffix .ii. GCC recognizes files with
these names and compiles them as C++ programs even if you call the com‐
piler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually with the name
gcc).
However, C++ programs often require class libraries as well as a com‐
piler that understands the C++ language---and under some circumstances,
you might want to compile programs or header files from standard input,
or otherwise without a suffix that flags them as C++ programs. You
might also like to precompile a C header file with a .h extension to be
used in C++ compilations. g++ is a program that calls GCC with the
default language set to C++, and automatically specifies linking
against the C++ library. On many systems, g++ is also installed with
the name c++.
** the GPL http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html applies to the above quoted text **
Nathan.
NathanB
November 11th, 2007, 01:44 AM
You can test this feature with this file:
int main()
{
return 42;
}
Save as "helloplus.C" and compile like so:
$ gcc -o helloplus helloplus.C
Yes, it _is_ just a technicallity, but... it is always a "good thing" to learn how these tools REALLY work.
dwhitney67
November 11th, 2007, 02:28 AM
NathanB -
I think you are missing the bigger picture here. The GCC statement that you used WILL NOT compile the program sample I provided earlier.... you know, the one with actual C++ statements in it. The sample you provided is a simple C program.
Anyhow, the ball's back in your court.
dwhitney67
November 11th, 2007, 03:38 AM
I just found out how to compile a C++ program using gcc. The syntax is
$ gcc file.cpp -lstdc++
Slightly different from just:
$ gcc file.cpp
LaRoza
November 11th, 2007, 06:32 AM
I just found out how to compile a C++ program using gcc. The syntax is
$ gcc file.cpp -lstdc++
Or
g++ file.cpp
NathanB
November 11th, 2007, 07:01 AM
NathanB -
I think you are missing the bigger picture here. The GCC statement that you used WILL NOT compile the program sample I provided earlier.... you know, the one with actual C++ statements in it. The sample you provided is a simple C program.
Anyhow, the ball's back in your court.
We see that you have failed to read the entire text:
Compiling C++ Programs
C++ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes .C, .cc, .cpp,
.CPP, .c++, .cp, or .cxx; C++ header files often use .hh or .H; and
preprocessed C++ files use the suffix .ii. GCC recognizes files with
these names and compiles them as C++ programs even if you call the com‐
piler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually with the name
gcc).
However, C++ programs often require class libraries as well as a com‐
piler that understands the C++ language---and under some circumstances,
you might want to compile programs or header files from standard input,
or otherwise without a suffix that flags them as C++ programs. You
might also like to precompile a C header file with a .h extension to be
used in C++ compilations. g++ is a program that calls GCC with the
default language set to C++, and automatically specifies linking
against the C++ library. On many systems, g++ is also installed with
the name c++.
** the GPL http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html applies to the above quoted text **
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