Tkinter Problem

[linuxonbute]

I am trying to learn to do gui programming in python and am starting to familiarize myself with tkinter.
I have version 3.2 installed ( I think ) and have copied and pasted some code.
I modified one line:


okButton = Button(self, text="Save")


to



okButton = Button(self, text="Save", fg="red")


Without the change it works fine.
The full code is


#!/usr/bin/python




"""
ZetCode Tkinter tutorial


In this script, we use pack manager
to position two buttons in the
bottom right corner of the window.


author: Jan Bodnar
last modified: December 2010
website: www.zetcode.com
"""


from Tkinter import Tk, RIGHT, BOTH, RAISED
from ttk import Frame, Button, Style




class Example(Frame):

def __init__(self, parent):
Frame.__init__(self, parent)

self.parent = parent

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

self.parent.title("Buttons")
self.style = Style()
self.style.theme_use("default")

frame = Frame(self, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=5)
frame.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)

self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)

okButton = Button(self, text="Save", fg="red")
okButton.pack(side = "top",padx=45, pady=5 )
printButton = Button(self, text="Print")
printButton.pack(padx=45, pady=5)
closeButton = Button(self, text="Close", command=self.quit)
closeButton.pack(padx=45, pady=5)







def main():

root = Tk()
root.geometry("300x200+300+300")
app = Example(root)
root.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
main()


Now I get the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "./buttons1.py", line 58, in <module>
main()
File "./buttons1.py", line 54, in main
app = Example(root)
File "./buttons1.py", line 27, in __init__
self.initUI()
File "./buttons1.py", line 40, in initUI
okButton = Button(self, text="Save", fg="red")
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/ttk.py", line 614, in __init__
Widget.__init__(self, master, "ttk::button", kw)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/ttk.py", line 560, in __init__
Tkinter.Widget.__init__(self, master, widgetname, kw=kw)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1977, in __init__
(widgetName, self._w) + extra + self._options(cnf))
_tkinter.TclError: unknown option "-fg"

Can anyone help please?
tia

[alan9800]

as explained here (http://docs.python.org/2.7/library/ttk.html#using-ttk), it would be preferable to use the following code
from Tkinter import *
from ttk import *BTW, you're using python 2.7, as shown in these two error messages
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/ttk.py", line 614, in __init__
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/ttk.py", line 560, in __init__

[linuxonbute]

as explained here (http://docs.python.org/2.7/library/ttk.html#using-ttk), it would be preferable to use the following code
from Tkinter import *
from ttk import *BTW, you're using python 2.7, as shown in these two error messages
Thanks for the suggestions and the link.
i tried the import changes but I still get the same error. I meant it was Tkinter 3.2 I removed that and installed the 2.7 version but again I get the same error.
I copied and pasted some of the examples from the link you provided and they work fine. I will study that information and try more there. I guess I will be back with more questions;)

[alan9800]

only one more thing: keep in mind that in python 3.2 the Tkinter module has been renamed tkinter (with lowercase "t"), hence pay attention to which version of python you're using when you invoke that module.

[linuxonbute]

Thanks for the heads up.
I found I still got an error until I changed it to:


import Tkinter
import ttk

which I found since I have been looking here http://docs.python.org/2.7/library/ttk.html#using-ttk

[linuxonbute]

I have now found another site: http://www.pythonware.com/library/tkinter/introduction/index.htm (http://www.pythonware.com/library/tkinter/introduction/x5453-patterns.htm)
which seems to be very good.
I have put together the following code just to try some of it out and, although it is quite poor in itself, I thought it might be worth posting it here for others just as new to this as i am to play with.



#!/usr/bin/python
from Tkinter import *
import ttk


root = Tk()

root.geometry("600x480+400+120") # width, height, x position, y position (of top left corner)


style = ttk.Style()


ttk.Style().configure("TButton", padding=6, relief="flat", background="#ccc")


style.map("B.TButton",
foreground=[('pressed', 'blue'), ('active', 'red')],
background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'grey'), ('active', 'white')]
)


style.map("C.TButton",
foreground=[('pressed', 'red'), ('active', 'blue')],
background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'green'), ('active', 'white')]
)

#String variables and their initial text
myTextx=StringVar()
myTexty=StringVar()
myTextx.set("Hello")
myTexty.set("World")



# update of content of strings
def callback(event):
myTextx.set(event.x)
myTexty.set(event.y)

# click mouse button inside this frame to update values in myTextx and myTexty ( not on buttons within frame )
frame = Frame(root, width=500, height=300, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=5)
frame.bind("<Button-1>", callback)
frame.pack()


btn = ttk.Button(text="Sample")
btn.pack()


colored_btn = ttk.Button(text="Test", style="C.TButton").pack(padx=45, pady=5)
btn1 = ttk.Button(text="Hello").pack()

#click btn2 to close program - using the quit command
btn2 = ttk.Button(text="Goodbye", style="B.TButton", command=quit).pack(padx=45, pady=5)


redbutton = Button(frame, text="Red", fg="red2")
redbutton.pack(side = LEFT , padx=5, pady=25)


greenbutton = Button(frame, text="Green", fg="green4")
greenbutton.pack(side = LEFT ,padx=5, pady=25 )


bluebutton = Button(frame, text="Blue", fg="blue")
bluebutton.pack( side = LEFT , padx=5, pady=25)

# values displayed are updated automatically
w = Label(root, textvariable=myTextx).pack()
x = Label(root, textvariable=myTexty).pack()


listbox = Listbox(root)
listbox.insert(END, "a list entry")

for item in ["one", "two", "three", "four"]:
listbox.insert(END, item)


listbox.pack()




root.mainloop()


i hope this is of some use to others.

[alan9800]

if I have rightly understood your code, it seems preferable to import the whole ttk module instead of its functions and methods.
This is however slightly different from what is suggested in the Python library (http://docs.python.org/release/2.7.3/library/ttk.html#using-ttk).

[linuxonbute]

if instead of


import ttk


I do


from ttk import *


I get



Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./kinter1.py", line 8, in <module>
style = ttk.Style()
NameError: name 'ttk' is not defined


As I have said I am a total beginner at this.
I am using python 2.7.3

[alan9800]

if you write
import ttkthen you have to write
style = ttk.Style()but if you write
from ttk import *then you can write
style = Style()without "ttk." since all functions and methods of ttk module have already been imported.

[linuxonbute]

Great thanks again. All working now. It's obvious I am new to this isn't it:)
I'm also old (69) and slow.

So to update my code for clarity:


#!/usr/bin/python

from Tkinter import * # in python 3.x this would be from tkinter import *
from ttk import *


root = Tk()
root.geometry("600x480+400+120")

style = Style()

Style().configure("TButton", padding=6, relief="flat", background="#ccc")

style.map("B.TButton",
foreground=[('pressed', 'green'), ('active', 'blue'), ('!pressed', 'red')],
background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'grey'), ('active', 'white')]
)


style.map("C.TButton",
foreground=[('pressed', 'red'), ('active', 'blue')],
background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'green'), ('active', 'white')]
)


style.map("D.TButton",
foreground=[('pressed', 'brown'), ('active', 'blue'), ('!pressed', 'green')],
background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'grey'), ('active', 'white')]
)


style.map("E.TButton",
foreground=[('pressed', 'yellow'), ('active', 'purple'), ('!pressed', 'blue')],
background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'grey'), ('active', 'white')]
)


# String variables and their initial text
myTextx=StringVar()
myTexty=StringVar()
myTextx.set("Hello")
myTexty.set("World")


# update of content of strings when mouse clicked within frame
def callback(event):
myTextx.set(event.x)
myTexty.set(event.y)


def hello():
print "hello!"


# click mouse button inside this frame to update values in myTextx and myTexty ( not on buttons within frame )
frame = Frame(root, width=500, height=300, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=5)
frame.bind("<Button-1>", callback)
frame.pack()

btn = Button(text="Sample")
btn.pack()

colored_btn = Button(text="Test", style="C.TButton").pack(padx=45, pady=5)
btn1 = Button(text="Hello").pack()

#click btn2 to close program - using the quit command
btn2 = Button(text="Goodbye", style="B.TButton", command=quit).pack(padx=45, pady=5)


redbutton = Button(frame, text="Red", style="B.TButton")
redbutton.pack(side = LEFT , padx=5, pady=25)


greenbutton = Button(frame, text="Green", style="D.TButton")
greenbutton.pack(side = LEFT ,padx=5, pady=25 )


bluebutton = Button(frame, text="Blue", style="E.TButton")
bluebutton.pack( side = LEFT , padx=5, pady=25)


# values updated automatically
w = Label(root, textvariable=myTextx).pack()
x = Label(root, textvariable=myTexty).pack()


listbox = Listbox(root)
listbox.insert(END, "a list entry")

for item in ["one", "two", "three", "four"]:
listbox.insert(END, item)


listbox.pack()


# create a toplevel menu
menubar = Menu(root)
menubar.add_command(label="Hello!", command=hello)
menubar.add_command(label="Quit!", command=root.quit)


# display the menu
root.config(menu=menubar)


root.mainloop()