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Proberts042
July 19th, 2012, 04:01 PM
I am new user of Ubuntu and have just installed server 12.04 for use in the school that I am running in Honduras. I have a second hard drive installed for use by the school and teachers. I want to use this second hard drive for file storage. When I type in lshw I can see the drive; logical name: /dev/sdb. The hard drive is formated to NTFS. How do I mount this hard drive and then create and identify directories on this hard drive for individual and group use?

I have looked far and wide and cannot seem to find this information anywhere. Thank You

rukiaEnix
July 19th, 2012, 04:11 PM
Please post the result of this command:



sudo fdisk -l

darkod
July 19th, 2012, 04:22 PM
Note that a disk formatted ntfs will not give you full linux permission control on the directories, etc. You can use it, write to it and read data, but having a linux filesystem gives more options.

If there is no data on it, it would be better to reformat it as ext4, either as a single partition on the whole disk, or split in several partitions, depending how you want to use it.

In any case, to have it mount permanently on boot, you will have to create an entry in /etc/fstab which will mount it at a specific mount point.

If that mount point doesn't exist, you will have to create it first. Something like:
sudo mkdir /media/hdd2

Then you can mount it at /media/hdd2.

Proberts042
July 19th, 2012, 05:00 PM
My users are going to be storing and accessing a lot of windows files on the hard drive. As far as I know this is the only machine in use here with Linux. Will ext4 be the correct format for this drive?

Proberts042
July 19th, 2012, 05:02 PM
I am using the server edition. Not sure how to copy and paste this information. I can get to it, however. Posting to you using my ******* machine.

darkod
July 19th, 2012, 05:24 PM
If this will be a server, users will probably be accessing something like Samba shares. In that case, the users don't really see what is the filesystem and it makes no difference, they only see the share.
From aspect of Samba permissions etc, it's better to be ext4, a linux filesystem.

As for accessing the server, how did you plan to do it?
You need to either connect a monitor and keyboard to it, or do it through SSH, if you installed the role SSH Server during installation. From windows you can access ssh using Putty, google for it. It's free and you can use it to connect to ssh.

If you didn't install the SSH Server during installation, you will need to connect a monitor and keyboard, log in and install it with:

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

After that you can access it from anywhere on the LAN with Putty and the IP of the server. You did set up manual (static) IP instead of dynamic right? Don't leave servers with dynamic IP since usually they would need a static IP that doesn't change.

Proberts042
July 20th, 2012, 03:08 PM
I did install SSH and plan for my users to access the files through it. I did set up a static IP address on the server. Can I not just have users access the files on the second hard drive though Samba server?

rukiaEnix
July 20th, 2012, 03:59 PM
Do you have samba installed? If yes, please post your configuration for samba.

darkod
July 20th, 2012, 04:20 PM
I did install SSH and plan for my users to access the files through it. I did set up a static IP address on the server. Can I not just have users access the files on the second hard drive though Samba server?

Yes, file sharing is usually done with Samba shares. But in any case you will need all hdds/partitions to be mounted somewhere. Linux works with mount points in format /path/folder.

So, you can't tell Samba to share /dev/sdb1, but instead you can mount /dev/sdb1 as /data1 for example, and tell samba to share /data1.

Good that you installed SSH but you would use that usually for administering. I don't see why you are planning the users to use SSH, they would simply get the ubuntu server CLI. Is that what you want them to do?

For opening the samba shares, they don't need to use ssh.

Proberts042
July 20th, 2012, 04:57 PM
I do have samba installed, but do not know how to capture the configuration and post it here. I am using the command line server version of Ubuntu. Can you help me to somehow capture the information in the file?

rukiaEnix
July 20th, 2012, 04:58 PM
You have SSH installed, so you can access the server from other computer with putty and just copy paste the contents.

Proberts042
July 20th, 2012, 05:03 PM
I still can't seem to be able to mount this hard drive identified as Disk /dev/sdb and /dev/sdb1.

darkod
July 20th, 2012, 05:07 PM
That's why I asked about ssh. Instead of running the command on the server itself, and then you can't "move" it to your dekstop to post it, simply install Putty (if your desktop is windows machine).

In fact, you don't install Putty, you just copy it and it can be used.

Open Putty and select to connect to the IP of the server.

It will ask for the username and password, enter them.

Then you can work on the server but from your desktop which allows you to easily make screenshots and post them here.

The samba cinfig file is /etc/samba/smb.conf so you can view the content for example with:
cat /etc/samba/smb.conf

darkod
July 20th, 2012, 05:07 PM
I still can't seem to be able to mount this hard drive identified as Disk /dev/sdb and /dev/sdb1.

How did you try it?

darkod
July 20th, 2012, 06:24 PM
If you want help with the exact commands, I think we better start step by step. Connect with Putty to your server and post the output of these commands:

sudo parted -l
df -h

After that we can continue.

Proberts042
July 20th, 2012, 06:57 PM
I figured out how to do this.

sudo fdisk -l


Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cfee5

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 501758 488396799 243947521 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 501760 488396799 243947520 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0008ccb2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 63 1953525167 976762552+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

Disk /dev/mapper/sandy--server-root: 241.5 GB, 241499635712 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 29360 cylinders, total 471678976 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/sandy--server-root doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/mapper/sandy--server-swap_1: 8296 MB, 8296333312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1008 cylinders, total 16203776 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Proberts042
July 20th, 2012, 06:59 PM
paul@sandy-server:~$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA WDC WD2500AAJS-0 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 250GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 256MB 255MB primary ext2 boot
2 257MB 250GB 250GB extended
5 257MB 250GB 250GB logical lvm


Model: ATA ST1000DM005 HD10 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 1000GB 1000GB primary ntfs boot


Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/sandy--server-swap_1: 8296MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop

Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 8296MB 8296MB linux-swap(v1)


Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/sandy--server-root: 241GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop

Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 241GB 241GB ext4




paul@sandy-server:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/sandy--server-root 225G 5.3G 209G 3% /
udev 3.8G 4.0K 3.8G 1% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 740K 1.6G 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /run/shm
cgroup 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 228M 27M 189M 13% /boot
paul@sandy-server:~$

darkod
July 20th, 2012, 10:27 PM
OK. I assume the 1TB disk is still empty, right?

In that case, if there is no important data on it, you can reformat it as ext4 so you can use it.

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

That will format the sdb1 partition as ext4.
After that, lets make a mount point (folder) for it:

sudo mkdir /media/hdd2

Then, open /etc/fstab and make an entry to mount sdb1 at that mount point, but using the UUDI instead of sdb1. You can list the UUIDs of all partitions with:

sudo blkid

Note down the UUID string for sdb1. Then open fstab with nano editor:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

At the end of fstab add an entry like:

UUID=<put the UUID string here> /media/hdd2 ext4 defaults 0 0

Save the changes in nano with Ctrl+O, Enter, then exit nano with Ctrl+X.

After that, check if it will mount OK with:

sudo mount -a

If there are no errors reported, it should be fine. Check again the mounted partitions with:

df -h

If all went well, now you should see a changed output from the previous time you ran it. Now you should also see something like:
/dev/sdb1 size used percentage /media/hdd2

That means it's mounted at /media/hdd2 and since you made an entry in fstab it will mount there at every boot.

That part of the job is finished.

Now, about the samba shares. Do you want to have a single share for all users, and all of them can write and read, or you want some sort of controls, and that some users can only view some folders and not others, etc?

Proberts042
July 21st, 2012, 07:24 PM
Was able to mount hdb1 as shown:

paul@sandy-server:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/sandy--server-root 225G 5.6G 208G 3% /
udev 3.8G 12K 3.8G 1% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 560K 1.6G 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /run/shm
cgroup 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 228M 50M 167M 23% /boot
/dev/sdb1 931G 14G 871G 2% /media/hdd2

Thank you

I would like to set up a common share and additional shares for each user so that they have restricted access to stored documents.

darkod
July 21st, 2012, 08:07 PM
Unfortunately I don't know samba in details when we are talking about limiting access. You might be better opening a new thread in the Server section, titled Setting up samba shares or similar.

But you still need to do one thing before that. For every samba share that you want with different permissions or share name, you will need to create a separate folder in /media/hdd2. This is because samba shares are defined on the folder level, so if you want more than one share, you need more than one folder.

Something like:
sudo mkdir /media/hdd2/share1
sudo mkdir /media/hdd2/share2
etc

You also might need to set some permissions on these folders, but you can ask that too in the samba thread. I only set open for all permissions, which doesn't seem to be what you want.

I suggest a new samba thread because most people that know samba wouldn't look too much in this thread titled about the hdd. You are getting there step by step. There are also many good tutorials on samba on google, that can help you too. They cover all possibilities you might want.

Proberts042
July 23rd, 2012, 02:35 PM
OK I have done this. Thanks again for all your help.