davygravy
April 7th, 2006, 09:17 PM
How to print (from a Ubuntu/Linux box) to a USB printer that is connected to an Airport Extreme Base Station
Disclaimer: I assume no responsibility for your tinkering with your computer or your Airport Extreme Base Station. What I did worked great for me on my AEBS, but I can't assure you of your own success. Proceed at your own risk.
When I saw Ubuntu Linux for the first time, I immediately wanted to use it on an older Mac that we had sitting idle. I installed it and connected it to our already established network, which had an Apple Airport Extreme Base Station (AEBS) as its wireless hub. Connected directly to the AEBS was our EPSON Stylus Color 740, which we could print to from any Mac in the house, including our laptops (wirelessly). Getting the Ubuntu box to print to it should be easy, right?
Well, one might have hoped so, but this was not the case. I found hints and tips at various sites and forums, but nothing seemed to work. After about twenty hours of struggling, I notice a forum entry that mentioned how an AEBS firmware upgrade changed ip ports and printer access. I found I had to downgrade the AEBS firmware. Once I did that I was printing within a few minutes.
In short, the AEBS doesn't understand IPP or LPD printing protocols when it talks to USB printers connected directly to it. It uses ip port 9100 or 9101, depending on what version firmware you have installed. Also, to print to such a printer, it uses the AppSocket/HP JetDirect method. My original setup would not work with port 9101. To get mine to work, I had to downgrade the AEBS's firmware to an older version that opened port 9100 on the AEBS (instead of 9101) and then add a printer on the Ubuntu box.
Here are the details. If you really want to understand what you are about to do, and what your choices are, read through to the end, including the notes (especially note #I). You might get by with some short cuts that could save a lot of time. It is assumed that you already have an established network, an AEBS, and a working USB printer connected to that base station.
==============================================
0. Gather the essential information:
Determine your AEBS's IP address. It will probably look like 10.0.1.1 or 192.168.1.1, or something like that. It is preferable to have a static IP for your AEBS since it will make what do later on a lot easier.
You will also need to know your printer's make (Canon, EPSON, etc.) and model (Stylus Color 740, etc.).
1. Find out if you need to open port 9100:
Port scan your Airport Extreme Base Station to see if port 9100 is open - you will need to tell your port scanning software the ip address of your AEBS. I used nmapfe (a GUI front end for nmap), but I caution against using the port scan in Gnome's Network Tools (in the Admin menu), as it seemed to be doing only an abbreviated scan and didn't pick up any open ports, though this may have been a problem with Dapper Flight 6. If port 9100 is open, it should list something like this:
Starting Nmap 3.95 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2006-04-08 09:58 CDT
Interesting ports on dnm-basestation.local (10.0.1.2):
(The 1668 ports scanned but not shown below are in state: closed)
PORT STATE SERVICE
9100/tcp open jetdirect
10000/tcp open snet-sensor-mgmt
MAC Address: 00:03:93:E6:3F:7D (Apple Computer)
Device type: WAP|broadband router
Running: Apple embedded, ARRIS embedded
OS details: Apple Airport Extreme Base Station (WAP) or ARRIS Cadant C3 CMTS Cable Modem
Uptime 1.437 days (since Thu Apr 6 23:29:32 2006)
Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.789 seconds
If your port scan shows 9100 is open, then go to step 3 (you can skip step 2).
If 9100 is not open but 9101 is open, then you may try step 2.
If a port scan shows no open ports whatsoever, then check your AEBS's ip
address to see that it is correct, or try a different port scanning utility.
2. Open port 9100 on your AEBS: (see disclaimer above at top)
If port 9100 is not open, you can try downgrading the firmware to Apple's version 5.4 e Airport Extreme Base Station firmware. For me, this was an fast, easy and painless operation.
I did my downgrade in Tiger, and probably Panther would work, too. You might be able to do this in Windows using Freebase, a Windows Utility for AEBS.
Google "airport extreme base station 5.4" and you should be led to the Apple site where you can download the firmware update - just download it to your desktop. Before you tinker with anything, it might be a good idea to save your current AEBS settings so that if something goes haywire, you can restore your setting with the minimum of effort.
To downgrade your firmware in OS X, start up Airport Admin Utility and select the base station that you want to downgrade the firmware on. From the menu "Base Station" choose "Upload". This will downgrade the firmware to 5.4 (or whatever version that you choose). I lost no functionality when I did this. I did have to go back to the Macs running 10.3 & 10.4 and use Printer Setup Utility to reestablish the printer, but it was painless since it came up as a Bonjour printer. YMMV.
Note that from the OS X side, whenever you subsequently open up Airport
Admin Utility and access your AEBS, you will probably be asked if you want to "upgrade" your firmware. Choose "no".
Go back to step 1 and see if port 9100 is open.
3. Set up your printer connection on your Ubuntu box:
Go to your Linux box (probably running Ubuntu Dapper or later) and open a
browser (like Firefox) window. In the URL window type in
localhost:631
and press enter. This should take you to the CUPS home page. Choose
Printers, and Add a Printer.
Enter a name for it (keep it simple w/ no strange characters), a location
(descriptive) and a description (again, descriptive). Click continue.
From the pull-down menu select
AppSocket/HP JetDirect
and click Continue.
For the Device URI: field, supply the following:
socket://[your AEBS's ip address]:9100
and press continue. Mine was "socket://10.0.1.2:9100" , without the quotes.
For the Model/Driver you will have to enter the Make (it was EPSON for me), click Continue, and then the Model (it was EPSON Stylus Color 740 for me, and you can choose different options within this model). (I did not choose Apple LaserWriter - I was told that I had to do this by several well-intending people, but that suggestion was errant. It would not work at all with the Apple LW driver.) Press Continue again.
If everything goes as it should, you will be told that your "Printer [your
printer name here] has been added successfully." You can then click on Printers in the top menu, and you will see your printer listed on the Printer page. Here you can find a whole set of options for printing a test page (a must), and other printer operations.
Check the name, description, location and URI for typos.
4. Check to see if it works, and maybe reconfigure:
Print a test page by clicking on Print Test Page.
If your printer prints the test page nicely, then great! You're done (probably)! You can set it as your default printer by using the Set As Default option, if you like.
If it prints the test page but the color is out of whack, you can try using a different driver for your model, or configuring your printer with the Configure Printer option.
If it does not print, then you can either delete the printer with the Delete Printer option and go back to step 3, or try to modify its settings with the Modify Printer option.
5. Test it with real-world software you use often, and maybe reconfigure:
If you were successful in step 4, then try printing from Firefox, OpenOffice Writer and/or a few of your most often used applications. If you get strange output, you can go back and redo step 4.
6. Enjoy:
Enjoy!
==============================================
Notes:
I. You can try just printing via AppSocket/HP JetDirect, socket://[your
AEBS's ip address]:9101 , using the make and model drivers for your USB printer. Maybe it will work for you right away with port 9101. It didn't work for me with port 9101, but this may have been because of a bug in CUPS (v1.2 is a release candidate version) or in Ubuntu Dapper Flight 6 (a pre-release development version).
II. I used the web-based CUPS Printer setup interface because the System-
>Admin->Printers tool seemed to be acting strange sometime in Ubuntu
Dapper Flight 6. This was when Dapper was still in development, and more
than a handful of users were complaining about broken or misbehaving printers. I saw this in the Ubuntu forums, and also at the CUPS bugs forum < http://www.cups.org > . This forum thread < http://www.cups.org/newsgroups?s1655+gcups.bugs+v1660+T0 > was quite funny, for me, in retrospect, as it seemed that the thread starter was having the same problem that I was, but the responder (from CUPS publisher ESP) seemed to be pretending that "all was well". Certainly, it is not funny if you are the one having the printing problem.
III. I spent about 20 hours researching and trying to get my AEBS to print via AppSocket/HP JetDirect on port 9101. Apple's AEBS firmware update 5.7 had printing going through port 9101, and try as I might, I was not able to get it to work. Notably, I could not get it to work with port 9101 with either Linux or OS X Tiger (10.4) via AppSocket/HP JetDirect. Of course, in Tiger the printing to the AEBS was autoconfigured with Bonjour (Apple's implementation of Zeroconf, Avahi in Linux) and this didn't use the AppSocket/HP JetDirect protocol, but PAP/APAP protocol instead, which seems to be a proprietary Apple thing.
IV. If the problem w/ the AppSocket/HP JetDirect interface is a Ubuntu problem or a CUPS problem, then maybe it will be resolved so that one can print via port 9101 without problems, and without having to downgrade the AEBS firmware. Since my work was carried out under Dapper Flight 6 (a pre-release development version), one can hardly expect that all the bugs and kinks were worked out already.
V. If you have Airport Express, you may find similar situations and
problems. I don't know how similar or dissimilar the problems and solutions may be, because I haven't tried this on an Airport Express.
VI. I had all but given up, and had even tried to buy a US Robotics MaxG Router w/ built-in USB print server to replace the AEBS. Compusa had a sale on them, but they were sold out. So I went home and gave it one last try.
And downgraded the firmware. Patience (or stuborness) can be a good thing.
VI. I assume no responsibility for your tinkering with your equipment. Proceed at your own risk.
Disclaimer: I assume no responsibility for your tinkering with your computer or your Airport Extreme Base Station. What I did worked great for me on my AEBS, but I can't assure you of your own success. Proceed at your own risk.
When I saw Ubuntu Linux for the first time, I immediately wanted to use it on an older Mac that we had sitting idle. I installed it and connected it to our already established network, which had an Apple Airport Extreme Base Station (AEBS) as its wireless hub. Connected directly to the AEBS was our EPSON Stylus Color 740, which we could print to from any Mac in the house, including our laptops (wirelessly). Getting the Ubuntu box to print to it should be easy, right?
Well, one might have hoped so, but this was not the case. I found hints and tips at various sites and forums, but nothing seemed to work. After about twenty hours of struggling, I notice a forum entry that mentioned how an AEBS firmware upgrade changed ip ports and printer access. I found I had to downgrade the AEBS firmware. Once I did that I was printing within a few minutes.
In short, the AEBS doesn't understand IPP or LPD printing protocols when it talks to USB printers connected directly to it. It uses ip port 9100 or 9101, depending on what version firmware you have installed. Also, to print to such a printer, it uses the AppSocket/HP JetDirect method. My original setup would not work with port 9101. To get mine to work, I had to downgrade the AEBS's firmware to an older version that opened port 9100 on the AEBS (instead of 9101) and then add a printer on the Ubuntu box.
Here are the details. If you really want to understand what you are about to do, and what your choices are, read through to the end, including the notes (especially note #I). You might get by with some short cuts that could save a lot of time. It is assumed that you already have an established network, an AEBS, and a working USB printer connected to that base station.
==============================================
0. Gather the essential information:
Determine your AEBS's IP address. It will probably look like 10.0.1.1 or 192.168.1.1, or something like that. It is preferable to have a static IP for your AEBS since it will make what do later on a lot easier.
You will also need to know your printer's make (Canon, EPSON, etc.) and model (Stylus Color 740, etc.).
1. Find out if you need to open port 9100:
Port scan your Airport Extreme Base Station to see if port 9100 is open - you will need to tell your port scanning software the ip address of your AEBS. I used nmapfe (a GUI front end for nmap), but I caution against using the port scan in Gnome's Network Tools (in the Admin menu), as it seemed to be doing only an abbreviated scan and didn't pick up any open ports, though this may have been a problem with Dapper Flight 6. If port 9100 is open, it should list something like this:
Starting Nmap 3.95 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2006-04-08 09:58 CDT
Interesting ports on dnm-basestation.local (10.0.1.2):
(The 1668 ports scanned but not shown below are in state: closed)
PORT STATE SERVICE
9100/tcp open jetdirect
10000/tcp open snet-sensor-mgmt
MAC Address: 00:03:93:E6:3F:7D (Apple Computer)
Device type: WAP|broadband router
Running: Apple embedded, ARRIS embedded
OS details: Apple Airport Extreme Base Station (WAP) or ARRIS Cadant C3 CMTS Cable Modem
Uptime 1.437 days (since Thu Apr 6 23:29:32 2006)
Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.789 seconds
If your port scan shows 9100 is open, then go to step 3 (you can skip step 2).
If 9100 is not open but 9101 is open, then you may try step 2.
If a port scan shows no open ports whatsoever, then check your AEBS's ip
address to see that it is correct, or try a different port scanning utility.
2. Open port 9100 on your AEBS: (see disclaimer above at top)
If port 9100 is not open, you can try downgrading the firmware to Apple's version 5.4 e Airport Extreme Base Station firmware. For me, this was an fast, easy and painless operation.
I did my downgrade in Tiger, and probably Panther would work, too. You might be able to do this in Windows using Freebase, a Windows Utility for AEBS.
Google "airport extreme base station 5.4" and you should be led to the Apple site where you can download the firmware update - just download it to your desktop. Before you tinker with anything, it might be a good idea to save your current AEBS settings so that if something goes haywire, you can restore your setting with the minimum of effort.
To downgrade your firmware in OS X, start up Airport Admin Utility and select the base station that you want to downgrade the firmware on. From the menu "Base Station" choose "Upload". This will downgrade the firmware to 5.4 (or whatever version that you choose). I lost no functionality when I did this. I did have to go back to the Macs running 10.3 & 10.4 and use Printer Setup Utility to reestablish the printer, but it was painless since it came up as a Bonjour printer. YMMV.
Note that from the OS X side, whenever you subsequently open up Airport
Admin Utility and access your AEBS, you will probably be asked if you want to "upgrade" your firmware. Choose "no".
Go back to step 1 and see if port 9100 is open.
3. Set up your printer connection on your Ubuntu box:
Go to your Linux box (probably running Ubuntu Dapper or later) and open a
browser (like Firefox) window. In the URL window type in
localhost:631
and press enter. This should take you to the CUPS home page. Choose
Printers, and Add a Printer.
Enter a name for it (keep it simple w/ no strange characters), a location
(descriptive) and a description (again, descriptive). Click continue.
From the pull-down menu select
AppSocket/HP JetDirect
and click Continue.
For the Device URI: field, supply the following:
socket://[your AEBS's ip address]:9100
and press continue. Mine was "socket://10.0.1.2:9100" , without the quotes.
For the Model/Driver you will have to enter the Make (it was EPSON for me), click Continue, and then the Model (it was EPSON Stylus Color 740 for me, and you can choose different options within this model). (I did not choose Apple LaserWriter - I was told that I had to do this by several well-intending people, but that suggestion was errant. It would not work at all with the Apple LW driver.) Press Continue again.
If everything goes as it should, you will be told that your "Printer [your
printer name here] has been added successfully." You can then click on Printers in the top menu, and you will see your printer listed on the Printer page. Here you can find a whole set of options for printing a test page (a must), and other printer operations.
Check the name, description, location and URI for typos.
4. Check to see if it works, and maybe reconfigure:
Print a test page by clicking on Print Test Page.
If your printer prints the test page nicely, then great! You're done (probably)! You can set it as your default printer by using the Set As Default option, if you like.
If it prints the test page but the color is out of whack, you can try using a different driver for your model, or configuring your printer with the Configure Printer option.
If it does not print, then you can either delete the printer with the Delete Printer option and go back to step 3, or try to modify its settings with the Modify Printer option.
5. Test it with real-world software you use often, and maybe reconfigure:
If you were successful in step 4, then try printing from Firefox, OpenOffice Writer and/or a few of your most often used applications. If you get strange output, you can go back and redo step 4.
6. Enjoy:
Enjoy!
==============================================
Notes:
I. You can try just printing via AppSocket/HP JetDirect, socket://[your
AEBS's ip address]:9101 , using the make and model drivers for your USB printer. Maybe it will work for you right away with port 9101. It didn't work for me with port 9101, but this may have been because of a bug in CUPS (v1.2 is a release candidate version) or in Ubuntu Dapper Flight 6 (a pre-release development version).
II. I used the web-based CUPS Printer setup interface because the System-
>Admin->Printers tool seemed to be acting strange sometime in Ubuntu
Dapper Flight 6. This was when Dapper was still in development, and more
than a handful of users were complaining about broken or misbehaving printers. I saw this in the Ubuntu forums, and also at the CUPS bugs forum < http://www.cups.org > . This forum thread < http://www.cups.org/newsgroups?s1655+gcups.bugs+v1660+T0 > was quite funny, for me, in retrospect, as it seemed that the thread starter was having the same problem that I was, but the responder (from CUPS publisher ESP) seemed to be pretending that "all was well". Certainly, it is not funny if you are the one having the printing problem.
III. I spent about 20 hours researching and trying to get my AEBS to print via AppSocket/HP JetDirect on port 9101. Apple's AEBS firmware update 5.7 had printing going through port 9101, and try as I might, I was not able to get it to work. Notably, I could not get it to work with port 9101 with either Linux or OS X Tiger (10.4) via AppSocket/HP JetDirect. Of course, in Tiger the printing to the AEBS was autoconfigured with Bonjour (Apple's implementation of Zeroconf, Avahi in Linux) and this didn't use the AppSocket/HP JetDirect protocol, but PAP/APAP protocol instead, which seems to be a proprietary Apple thing.
IV. If the problem w/ the AppSocket/HP JetDirect interface is a Ubuntu problem or a CUPS problem, then maybe it will be resolved so that one can print via port 9101 without problems, and without having to downgrade the AEBS firmware. Since my work was carried out under Dapper Flight 6 (a pre-release development version), one can hardly expect that all the bugs and kinks were worked out already.
V. If you have Airport Express, you may find similar situations and
problems. I don't know how similar or dissimilar the problems and solutions may be, because I haven't tried this on an Airport Express.
VI. I had all but given up, and had even tried to buy a US Robotics MaxG Router w/ built-in USB print server to replace the AEBS. Compusa had a sale on them, but they were sold out. So I went home and gave it one last try.
And downgraded the firmware. Patience (or stuborness) can be a good thing.
VI. I assume no responsibility for your tinkering with your equipment. Proceed at your own risk.