HowTo: Undervolt your notebook CPU for longer battery life

Ares Drake · 01:46 AM

Edit: EEEK!! Why is it to wide? Anyone else seeing it too wide? Anyone a clue how to fix it?

This howto is based on own experiences and this german wiki page, so thx to them.

It is tested for intel Core2Duo and CoreDuo cpus. I have no clue if it works for AMD as well. Some answers I received suggest that it currently doesn't work with AMD cpus however.

From wikipedia: Undervolting is the practice of reducing the supply voltage of a computer's CPU. There are many reasons to perform this sort of modification, but a common one is to reduce power consumption and thus heat generation in laptop computers. Lower heat generation provided by undervolting and underclocking is also helpful in making computers quieter.

Performance will not suffer as the energy you will save was just wasted (as heat) before.

Safety:
Undervolting notebook processors is not uncommon. My older notebook (Toshiba S1) even came with a Windows utility that did automatic undervolting preinstalled. So the "undervolted" processor is nothing dangerous.

The way to get there might be, if no care is taken.
What might happen:

1) The voltage controls stability and temperature. The higher the voltage the higher the temp, but without enough voltage the cpu wont be stable and your PC will lock up. In fact with the following procedure we are trying to find the minimum stable voltage to get the cpu as cool as possible. The energy saved will increase battery life as well.

2) So if you were to INCREASE the voltage, you would rise the temperature. This might damage the cpu in case it got too hot - obvious one. (Though all Intel (probably AMD as well) mobile chips are equiped with safety cut off mechanisms afaik) However with the optimizer scipt it automatically REDUCES the voltage so harm to your hardware is very unlikely.

3) To find the named "minimum" voltage, the optimizer scipt needs to test if the cpu runs stable at every voltage setting. So in case it gets too low, your notebook will lock up. Then afterwards the script knows what is too low and will stay safely above.
That sth gets damaged by locking up is rather unlikely - overclocking my desktop machine in younger years I experienced it at least a hundred times and never fried anything.

4) While locking up however your linux and all open applications crash as well. Wich might result in data loss. Be prepared to see the fsck utility at next boot up checking for data integrity. And let it run! Furthermore, don't open any files while running the optimizer script and, before doing this optimization, unmount as many partitions as possible to reduce the risk. (unmounted partitions cannot be corrupted during the lockup)

Once the scipt finishes (you need to run it several times, once for every freqency your cpu is capable of), no more lock-ups are to be expected as the script now knows the individual critical voltage for your cpu and will stay savely above.

With all these precautions I think it is rather save to undervolt.

Still there? Then let's get on to it! Step by step:

1. This howto depends on the kernel module acpi-cpufreq to control your cpu. To find out if you're using it try

Code:

lsmod | grep acpi_cpufreq

You should see sth. like this:

Code:

acpi_cpufreq           14892  2 
freq_table              5536  3 acpi_cpufreq,cpufreq_stats,cpufreq_ondemand
processor              36872  4 acpi_cpufreq,thermal

In case you don't see anything, you don't use acpi-cpufreq, but maybe the speedstep.centrino module. Then this howto is not for you unfortunately. speedstep.centrino is in theory supported as well, but I have no experience with it. If someone knows how to do it with speedstep.centrino please tell me and I will add it here.

2. You need to get a modified version of your acpi_cpufreq module, one with PHC support build in. PHC means processor hardware control and is the magic that makes it going. There are several ways to get this module.

a) You can download a patch on their website and compile it yourself. If you have never compiled anything, this is not for you as there are easier ways (see b) ). However as I hardly find the time to post updates here I will give a mini-howto for compilation here in case a kernel update breakes compatibility with old modules. You need to compile yourself in case you are running 64 bit as well as the precompiled modules I offer below are 32bit only.
Mini-Howto for compilation
Code:
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-source
extract the tar from /usr/src to /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion"
download latest patch to /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion"
copy /boot/config-$(uname -r).config to /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion"
Code:
cd /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion"
patch -p1 < linux-phc*.patch
make oldconfig
make prepare
make scripts
make M=./arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq
The finished module should be in /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion"/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq
Proceed as if you had downloaded this module with copying it to the right place (see 2. c) ). After all is done you can savely remove the folder /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion" and uninstall linux-source to save harddisk space.
b) Download a precompiled module. It has to match your kernel.
1) First backup your old module.
Code:
sudo cp /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/acpi-cpufreq.ko /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/acpi-cpufreq.ko.old
(basically copies it to a new name)

2) There are right now versions for kernel 2.6.24-16-generic, 2.6.24-17-generic, 2.6.24-18-generic and 2.6.24-19-generic. To find out what kernel you have open a terminal and type:
Code:
uname -r
So once you know, download the right kernel module for 2.6.24-16-generic or 2.6.24-17-generic or 2.6.24-18-generic or 2.6.24-19-generic.

c) Then copy the downloaded file to the right place:
Code:
sudo cp acpi-cpufreq.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq
You have to redo the entire Step 2 every time you update your kernel, so you might want to save your downloaded module file, as it might work again after a kernel upgrade, i.e. the version -16 worked with -14 and -15 as well, but not with -17.

3. Reboot. If the module is installed correctly,

Code:

cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls

should give you sth like this:

Code:

12:38 10:30 8:24 6:18

The value before the : stands for the frequency, the later for the voltage.

4. Okay, now we need to find the lowest save voltages. We will use this optimizer script.
Download it (you will need this file as well), then right-click the files, open the permissions tab, and and down at the bottom check the box that says "allow executing the file....." Then run it from the terminal with

Code:

sudo ./linux-phc-optimize.bash

It needs cpuburn installed, so you might want to install it in advance with synaptic. What this scipt does is: It stresses your cpu while lowering the cpu voltage step by step unil your system crashes. Then the script knows what is too low and will stay safely above. The script needs to run once for every frequency step your cpu is capable of, usually around 4-6 times. It will tell you, just run it so often until it tells you finished.

IMPORTANT:
This script will crash your system. Several times. This is normal and intended. No harm to your hardware is to be expected. However in case you have open files and / or mounted filesystems data loss or corruption might occur. So be advised to unmount as many partitions as possible and open as few files as necessary while doing this. After a reset the fsck utility will check your partitions for data corruption so be strongly advised to let that check run!

Second, the script stresses only one cpu core. In case you have a dual core, open a terminal and type "burnMMX" to run a second thread to stress the second core while doing this.

When you're finished with the script, you will have a text file with the new and optimized frequency : voltage pairs.

5. To use these optimized values, you will need to echo them to /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls. An easy way to do it automatically every reboot is to add a line like this:

Code:

echo "12:21 10:1 8:1 6:1" > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls

to your /etc/rc.local file. Of course you have to replace the values with your own. Any second core should automatically use the same voltages.

6. Check if it works:

Code:

cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls

should now give you the new values (after a reboot) compared to before, see above.

w4ngsta07 · 10:42 PM

Hi,

Thanks for posting this how-to. I am a complete beginner in linux and know absolutely nothing, so its refreshing that someone has posted a tutorial thats easy to understand even for people like me(believe me, Ive been trying to get linux PHC to work for days).

So I have a problem, when I use your command on Step 5, the terminal says "bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument".

I tried using this command, "echo "20:18 20:18 20:18 20:18 12:11" > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls" to replace my default(?) voltages, which were "11:47 10:39 8:29 6:18 136:11" on Step 3.

I am running a Lenovo T61 with a Core 2 Duo T7300 (2 GHZ) on Ubuntu 8.04 64-bit.

Thanks alot for your responses, this is a very great and helpful community!

EDIT: I dont know why there are 5 of these settings for mine and you only have 4. I searched around and found a formula for the VID: Vcc = 712.5 + VID*12.5 Is this the right formula for the VID? I wanted to run my laptop at a constant 2 GHZ with .9375 volts.

w4ngsta07

Well ok, this is probably easy to answer. I cant run the linux-phc optimizer script. I downloaded it to my desktop. double clicking it does nothing, just runs the text editor, and terminal says 'command not found'

Harpoon

w4ngsta07:

you need to make a script executable before you can run it.

The easiest way is right-click the file, open the permissions tab, and and down at the bottom check the box that says "allow executing the file....."

That should do it.

Ares Drake

Quote:

Originally Posted by w4ngsta07

So I have a problem, when I use your command on Step 5, the terminal says "bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument".

I tried using this command, "echo "20:18 20:18 20:18 20:18 12:11" > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls" to replace my default(?) voltages, which were "11:47 10:39 8:29 6:18 136:11" on Step 3.

You might try:

Code:

sudo -s

-> password,
then run your echo command again.

But to be honest, I don't think it is an access problem to that file so it probably won't help. I think it is rather a problem with your value pairs.

I don't know if it is possible to use PHC to keep your cpu constant at 2ghz. I for myself kept the first value for the frequency step and just changed the voltage for it after the :

Try doing the same, you then can still lock your cpu frequency with other methods to 2ghz, i.e. there is a terminal command (wich I can't remember, but I read it in this forum) to change the access permissions of the panel cpu freq applet to let you control your cpu speed manually from there.

Ares Drake

Thanks for your hint, I added it to the howto.

Quote:

Originally Posted by Harpoon

w4ngsta07:

you need to make a script executable before you can run it.

The easiest way is right-click the file, open the permissions tab, and and down at the bottom check the box that says "allow executing the file....."

That should do it.

hruskin

When I run phc optimize script, I get

Code:

./linux-phc-optimize.bash: line 3: functions.bash: No such file or directory
ERROR: Could not load functions.bash

Where can I find functions.bash?
Thanks

Ares Drake

Quote:

Originally Posted by hruskin

[/code]
Where can I find functions.bash?
Thanks

Sorry, I just forgot that file. I updated the howto, but without reading through all that again, here is the link You need to make it executable as well.

Daelyn

Would you undervolting guys with multi core systems please have a look at:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=4960606
and provide some thoughts?

w4ngsta07

Is it possible for you to also make a HOW-TO for compiling the linux phc in case our kernels get updated?

May 8th, 2008	#1
Ares Drake A Carafe of Ubuntu Join Date: Jul 2006 Location: Tschörmany Beans: 98 Ubuntu 9.04 Jaunty Jackalope	HowTo: Undervolt your notebook CPU for longer battery life Edit: EEEK!! Why is it to wide? Anyone else seeing it too wide? Anyone a clue how to fix it? This howto is based on own experiences and this german wiki page, so thx to them. It is tested for intel Core2Duo and CoreDuo cpus. I have no clue if it works for AMD as well. Some answers I received suggest that it currently doesn't work with AMD cpus however. From wikipedia: Undervolting is the practice of reducing the supply voltage of a computer's CPU. There are many reasons to perform this sort of modification, but a common one is to reduce power consumption and thus heat generation in laptop computers. Lower heat generation provided by undervolting and underclocking is also helpful in making computers quieter. Performance will not suffer as the energy you will save was just wasted (as heat) before. Safety: Undervolting notebook processors is not uncommon. My older notebook (Toshiba S1) even came with a Windows utility that did automatic undervolting preinstalled. So the "undervolted" processor is nothing dangerous. The way to get there might be, if no care is taken. What might happen: 1) The voltage controls stability and temperature. The higher the voltage the higher the temp, but without enough voltage the cpu wont be stable and your PC will lock up. In fact with the following procedure we are trying to find the minimum stable voltage to get the cpu as cool as possible. The energy saved will increase battery life as well. 2) So if you were to INCREASE the voltage, you would rise the temperature. This might damage the cpu in case it got too hot - obvious one. (Though all Intel (probably AMD as well) mobile chips are equiped with safety cut off mechanisms afaik) However with the optimizer scipt it automatically REDUCES the voltage so harm to your hardware is very unlikely. 3) To find the named "minimum" voltage, the optimizer scipt needs to test if the cpu runs stable at every voltage setting. So in case it gets too low, your notebook will lock up. Then afterwards the script knows what is too low and will stay safely above. That sth gets damaged by locking up is rather unlikely - overclocking my desktop machine in younger years I experienced it at least a hundred times and never fried anything. 4) While locking up however your linux and all open applications crash as well. Wich might result in data loss. Be prepared to see the fsck utility at next boot up checking for data integrity. And let it run! Furthermore, don't open any files while running the optimizer script and, before doing this optimization, unmount as many partitions as possible to reduce the risk. (unmounted partitions cannot be corrupted during the lockup) Once the scipt finishes (you need to run it several times, once for every freqency your cpu is capable of), no more lock-ups are to be expected as the script now knows the individual critical voltage for your cpu and will stay savely above. With all these precautions I think it is rather save to undervolt. Still there? Then let's get on to it! Step by step: 1. This howto depends on the kernel module acpi-cpufreq to control your cpu. To find out if you're using it try Code: lsmod \| grep acpi_cpufreq You should see sth. like this: Code: acpi_cpufreq 14892 2 freq_table 5536 3 acpi_cpufreq,cpufreq_stats,cpufreq_ondemand processor 36872 4 acpi_cpufreq,thermal In case you don't see anything, you don't use acpi-cpufreq, but maybe the speedstep.centrino module. Then this howto is not for you unfortunately. speedstep.centrino is in theory supported as well, but I have no experience with it. If someone knows how to do it with speedstep.centrino please tell me and I will add it here. 2. You need to get a modified version of your acpi_cpufreq module, one with PHC support build in. PHC means processor hardware control and is the magic that makes it going. There are several ways to get this module. a) You can download a patch on their website and compile it yourself. If you have never compiled anything, this is not for you as there are easier ways (see b) ). However as I hardly find the time to post updates here I will give a mini-howto for compilation here in case a kernel update breakes compatibility with old modules. You need to compile yourself in case you are running 64 bit as well as the precompiled modules I offer below are 32bit only. Mini-Howto for compilation Code: sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-source extract the tar from /usr/src to /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion" download latest patch to /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion" copy /boot/config-$(uname -r).config to /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion" Code: cd /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion" patch -p1 < linux-phc.patch make oldconfig make prepare make scripts make M=./arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq The finished module should be in /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion"/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq Proceed as if you had downloaded this module with copying it to the right place (see 2. c) ). After all is done you can savely remove the folder /home/"your-username"/"kernelversion" and uninstall linux-source to save harddisk space. b) Download a precompiled module. It has to match your kernel. 1) First backup your old module. Code: sudo cp /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/acpi-cpufreq.ko /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/acpi-cpufreq.ko.old (basically copies it to a new name) 2) There are right now versions for kernel 2.6.24-16-generic, 2.6.24-17-generic, 2.6.24-18-generic and 2.6.24-19-generic. To find out what kernel you have open a terminal and type: Code: uname -r So once you know, download the right kernel module for 2.6.24-16-generic or 2.6.24-17-generic or 2.6.24-18-generic or 2.6.24-19-generic. c) Then copy the downloaded file to the right place: Code: sudo cp acpi-cpufreq.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq You have to redo the entire Step 2 every time you update your kernel, so you might want to save your downloaded module file, as it might work again after a kernel upgrade, i.e. the version -16 worked with -14 and -15 as well, but not with -17. 3. Reboot. If the module is installed correctly, Code: cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls should give you sth like this: Code: 12:38 10:30 8:24 6:18 The value before the : stands for the frequency, the later for the voltage. 4. Okay, now we need to find the lowest save voltages. We will use this optimizer script. Download it (you will need this file as well), then right-click the files, open the permissions tab, and and down at the bottom check the box that says "allow executing the file....." Then run it from the terminal with Code: sudo ./linux-phc-optimize.bash It needs cpuburn installed, so you might want to install it in advance with synaptic. What this scipt does is: It stresses your cpu while lowering the cpu voltage step by step unil your system crashes. Then the script knows what is too low and will stay safely above. The script needs to run once for every frequency step your cpu is capable of, usually around 4-6 times. It will tell you, just run it so often until it tells you finished. IMPORTANT: This script will crash your system. Several times. This is normal and intended. No harm to your hardware is to be expected. However in case you have open files and / or mounted filesystems data loss or corruption might occur. So be advised to unmount as many partitions as possible and open as few files as necessary while doing this. After a reset the fsck utility will check your partitions for data corruption so be strongly advised to let that check run! Second, the script stresses only one cpu core. In case you have a dual core, open a terminal and type "burnMMX" to run a second thread to stress the second core while doing this. When you're finished with the script, you will have a text file with the new and optimized frequency : voltage pairs. 5. To use these optimized values, you will need to echo them to /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls. An easy way to do it automatically every reboot is to add a line like this: Code: echo "12:21 10:1 8:1 6:1" > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls to your /etc/rc.local file. Of course you have to replace the values with your own. Any second core should automatically use the same voltages. 6. Check if it works: Code: cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls should now give you the new values (after a reboot) compared to before, see above. __________________ HowTo: Ask Questions the smart way \| keep on rockin'... GEEK CODE Version: 3.1: GJ/MD d s a- C++ ULS++ P L+++ E---- W++ N ?o K- w--- ?O M-- V-- PS+>$ PE++>$ Y+ PGP++ t-- 5- X R tv b+ ?DI D+ G++ e+++ h-- r++ y+ Last edited by Ares Drake; June 20th, 2008 at 01:46 AM..

May 10th, 2008	#2
w4ngsta07 First Cup of Ubuntu Join Date: May 2008 Beans: 5	Re: HowTo: Undervolt your notebook CPU for longer battery life Hi, Thanks for posting this how-to. I am a complete beginner in linux and know absolutely nothing, so its refreshing that someone has posted a tutorial thats easy to understand even for people like me(believe me, Ive been trying to get linux PHC to work for days). So I have a problem, when I use your command on Step 5, the terminal says "bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument". I tried using this command, "echo "20:18 20:18 20:18 20:18 12:11" > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls" to replace my default(?) voltages, which were "11:47 10:39 8:29 6:18 136:11" on Step 3. I am running a Lenovo T61 with a Core 2 Duo T7300 (2 GHZ) on Ubuntu 8.04 64-bit. Thanks alot for your responses, this is a very great and helpful community! EDIT: I dont know why there are 5 of these settings for mine and you only have 4. I searched around and found a formula for the VID: Vcc = 712.5 + VID12.5 Is this the right formula for the VID? I wanted to run my laptop at a constant 2 GHZ with .9375 volts. Last edited by w4ngsta07; May 10th, 2008 at 10:42 PM..*

May 11th, 2008	#3
w4ngsta07 First Cup of Ubuntu Join Date: May 2008 Beans: 5	Re: HowTo: Undervolt your notebook CPU for longer battery life Well ok, this is probably easy to answer. I cant run the linux-phc optimizer script. I downloaded it to my desktop. double clicking it does nothing, just runs the text editor, and terminal says 'command not found'

May 11th, 2008	#4
Harpoon A Carafe of Ubuntu Join Date: Dec 2006 Location: Vietnam (U.S. expat) Beans: 131 Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty Fawn	Re: HowTo: Undervolt your notebook CPU for longer battery life w4ngsta07: you need to make a script executable before you can run it. The easiest way is right-click the file, open the permissions tab, and and down at the bottom check the box that says "allow executing the file....." That should do it.

May 13th, 2008	#7
hruskin First Cup of Ubuntu Join Date: Apr 2007 Beans: 1	Re: HowTo: Undervolt your notebook CPU for longer battery life When I run phc optimize script, I get Code: ./linux-phc-optimize.bash: line 3: functions.bash: No such file or directory ERROR: Could not load functions.bash Where can I find functions.bash? Thanks

May 14th, 2008	#9
Daelyn Gee! These Aren't Roasted! Join Date: Oct 2007 Location: Nottingham My beans are hidden! Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron	Re: HowTo: Undervolt your notebook CPU for longer battery life Would you undervolting guys with multi core systems please have a look at: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=4960606 and provide some thoughts? __________________ Sony VAIO SZ4 - Limited edition MS DOS since 5.0, Windows since 3.11, Linux since kernel 2.6, OS-X since 10.4, and, last but not least, MS Minesweeper since 1.0

May 15th, 2008	#10
w4ngsta07 First Cup of Ubuntu Join Date: May 2008 Beans: 5	Re: HowTo: Undervolt your notebook CPU for longer battery life Is it possible for you to also make a HOW-TO for compiling the linux phc in case our kernels get updated?

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