Updating X will in most cases (if not always) break the proprietary Nvidia driver. This I have come quite accustomed to and have come up with a simple and much more convenient way of recovering the system. Mind you, this happens at least every point release if you go with the hardware enablement stacks.
Boot the system into recovery mode. Hold down the Shift key to enter Grub menu if it doesn't boot into Grub menu automatically. Open a Root Session. First we need to remount / with read and write permissions:
Code:
# mount -o remount,rw /
Secondly, mount your partition scheme according to /etc/fstab:
I always keep a copy of the Nvidia installer lying about, so I can easily recover from graphics driver breakdowns like these:
Code:
# cd /<path-to-Nvidia-driver-installer>
# ./NVIDIA-Linux-<architecture>-<driver-version>.run
Probably just old bad habit but I always reboot after a driver installation:
Should keep future point release updates free of hdd swapping