Ubuntu encountered an internal error + stuck at upgrades for new kernel

[thedardanius]

Hello,

I'm a fairly new Ubuntu user and from the installation on nothing seemed to have gone wrong. Until one day, I saw the update manager wanted me to update certain things, including a newer kernel+source, but when it reached that update it got stuck, and i couldn't continue it or end it. That was really strange.
Then, after a while, Ubuntu starts to receive internal errors, and my firefox crashes unexpectedly continuously. The error reports that certain packages are not matching the required version or sth... so maybe some of the system files are getting corrupted? I had a hard disk corruption a short while before this all happened, but I'm using SSD and windows managed to solve all corrupted windows files, so maybe linux is corrupted? Please help me out, its very confusing. Is there also some sort of ubuntu checker that could verify whether or not it is still working?
Then one day, i read about the md5 checksum or something like that which you need to verify to image of ubuntu when you installed it from downloaded image, which is what i did. However, nowhere on the site indicated to me i had to do some checksum to check my image I burned on the cd, so maybe my image was missing some bits? The installation process was successful, nevertheless.
Please help me out, i want to use ubuntu and develop in C++ for linux, which is now virtually impossible ...

[mörgæs]

First, please run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
uname -a

and post the results in CODE tags.

[thedardanius]

I ran apt-get update:
After downloading the libs, its says:
Reading package lists... Error!
E: Read error - read (5: Input/Output error)
E: Problem opening /var/lib/apt/lists/security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_quantal-security_main_binary-i386_Packages
E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.

THe problem is, I cant use firefox on ubuntu (it suddenly crashes all the time), ubuntu is receiving internal all the time... I cant follow the steps directly, so I forgot to do the other 2 steps you mentioned. Hope this enough information.

[mörgæs]

As I mentioned we prefer people using CODE tags. It's no big deal here because the output was short but please use next time.

E: Read error - read (5: Input/Output error)

often indicates physical errors, which aligns well with what you mentioned in the first post.

Is the system stable enough for you to read SMART data from the hard disk?

[Elfy]

If you don't know how to use code tags, then - if you are using New Reply button - highlight text and use the # button in the text box header.

If using Quick Reply then [code] at the beginning and [/code] at the end.

[thedardanius]

How do I test that?

[mörgæs]

I don't know much about Ubuntu as I only use X/Lubuntu, but I guess there should be a Disk Tool or something like that.

[thedardanius]

Where do I get one? Which do you recommend? And in case it should be in there as default, how do I find it? Mind you, I cant download anything due to mozilla firefox crashes persistently.

[mörgæs]

Maybe I wasn't clear, but it's there in a default installation. You can use it without internet access.

[thedardanius]

How do I access it? Where do I find it? Im a newbie in Ubuntu by the way ;p