Could be a microKernel that defeats uninstall, and corrupts installation. I've had two myself just this week.
GParted is a boot disk you can use, and sometimes a manual configuration of your partitions will help.
If that is the problem, try writing a new boot sector by relaying the drive structure, via "new partition table". Can be done with fdisk, parted, or in somedistros it's an option during partitioning.
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