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What desktop environment to you use? Do you use lightdm at login? If so, can you switch to tty using Ctrl+Alt+F1 .. F7 and login there?
If you can login there then there is a problem with desktop...

Got to read it only today.
The script is not used to run as init.d script (lacks header, start, stop, restart sections, etc.). It will sure mess up startup if added to init.d.
My way is to use it...

It will not work so simple. Ping result is put to STDOUT, and it can be piped to grep.
However, "unknown host" is an error, and is put to STDERR, and is NOT piped to grep.
If you wish to catch...

The script should not be built. It must be interpreted by bash.

New, improved version of script. It is far more responsive, as the ping check is now async. To ensure that there is only one ping check running, shared memory (/dev/shm) is used.


#!/bin/bash
...

try files in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections

Update: a small tweak in script for not to stall in pings. Added ping timeout time, after which script will give up on pinging a site. Adjust pingtime if needed, it should be increased for slow...

Try backports from package manager.

I remember some issues with the wireless on my toshiba satellite A210P. They were resolved by installing new drivers for wireles. Try some compat-wireless backports from package manager or download...

Another version of my script - now with ping check. It will ping 2 given sites and try to reconnect if both of them are unreachable. Usual connection check is still there.

This script mod is...

By the way, in ubuntu 12.04 nmcli comes out of the box, so there is no need to copy anything. Do not use the nmcli from my first post, as it is not working in 12.04! (at least 64 bit) . If you copy...

Got all 3D graphics working with generic drivers, using vgaswitcheroo (with self-made gui scripts for wrapping) to switch intel/radeon (in 11.04 and now in 12.04). Fglrx did very bad on my Acer -...

This seems to be an open bug
https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-screensaver/+question/113394

By the way, you may mark this thread as solved and start another one, because now it...

NOO. Do not copy root password. Root account in ubuntu is not enabled by default and has no password. By sudo or init=/bin/bash you are forcing root with no password check. But you can not actually...

And the final thing. I do not know the way to regenerate these files. I do not think it really exist one. If you can not find backups for these files, you should backup your own data and reinstall....

And by the way... maybe there is any backup left from previous editor?
Look for
/etc/group~
/etc/passwd~
/etc/shadow~

A small chance always exist :)

Wow... this is kinda... unexpected.

So, we seem to have a problem with at least
/etc/shadow
/etc/group

I don't know why, but somehow your user adding mixed all the userdata, including that...

I am an idiot. :) Right now I have understood one thing - we may be chasing a wrong error.
While trying to fix shell and other stuff I skipped a very interesting message:
"groups: cannot find name...

A symlink is a "symbolic link" - a way to connect files with each other. A bit similar with windows link files, which point to an .exe file from another location (e.g. desktop). In unix, symlinks are...

Well, reinstall may be an option. When I did some search on your problem, there was a lot of mentioning of damaged console symlinks. I do not know how to restore them correctly in your ubuntu...

You should use it in GRUB to fix incorrect UUID addressing (if this is a problem).

Yes, initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-32-generic is ok.
But it seems that the output device for console is damaged somehow... I suspect a severe filesystem damage or some strange mounting problems...

ok, try two things:

1) boot without word "single"
2) boot with single init=/bin/sh

Maybe this will help?

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=422307&page=2

This thread is about using fsck. Should help )

Hmm... "Root filesystem check failed" indicates a problem with your filesystem.

And this output is another proof for that. You need to use fsck on this filesystem using live cd, i suppose.