dejitarob
September 24th, 2008, 05:34 PM
There is a guide for OpenVZ posted last year (http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=617225) for 7.10. While still useful, I found it does contain some outdated information. So I am sharing what I figured out to get OpenVZ working with Ubuntu 8.04.
Introduction
OpenVZ (http://wiki.openvz.org/Main_Page) allows multiple Linux distributions to run on a single computer or server, each with their own dedicated resources and configurations, also known as "Virtual Private Servers" (VPS). It is the free and open source alternative to VMWare (http://www.vmware.com/)and Virtuozzo (http://www.parallels.com/en/products/virtuozzo) (actually based on OpenVZ and has many similarities). For more info see http://wiki.openvz.org/Features and http://wiki.openvz.org/FAQ
Basic Terms
I will give a step-by-step guide below, so don't worry if you don't get this all at first. The "host" computer or server is known as the Hardware Node (HN or HW). The HN hosts Container Nodes (CT) or Virtual Environments (VE) aka VPSs. Each VE is assigned a unique number or VEID. The VE runs off of a OS template. See http://wiki.openvz.org/Category:Definitions for more.
Installing
Preparing and Installing OpenVZ
1. It is recommended, but not necessary, to create a separate partition for the VE. Use gparted (http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php) if needed to resize partitions. After the partition is made, create the /vz directory (even if skipping the partition):
sudo mkdir /vz
2. If making a separate partition, add the following to /etc/fstab:
/dev/sda1 /vz ext3 noatime,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1
3. Create a symbolic link from /vz to a /var/lib/vz
sudo ln -s /vz /var/lib/vz4. Make sure backports is enabled. See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports for instructions and https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu for more info on repos. After backports is enabled, install the openvz packages:
apt-get install linux-openvz and then reboot into the openvz kernel.
5. After rebooting into the openvz kernel, install some tools:
apt-get install vzctl vzquota6. Add the following to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
kernel.sysrq = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 07. Restart the vz service:
/etc/init.d/vz restartCreating the VE
1. Get an OS template to create the VE. I am using the ubuntu 8.04 template, there are more available at http://wiki.openvz.org/Download/template/precreated
wget download.openvz.org/template/precreated/ubuntu-8.04-i386-minimal.tar.gz
sudo mv ubuntu-8.04-i386-minimal.tar.gz /var/lib/vz/template/cache/2. Create the VE (don't use less than 101, since those are for internal use):
sudo vzctl create 101 --ostemplate ubuntu-8.04-i386-minimalConfiguring the VE
1. Add the appropriate network settings to the VE. For a static IP:
sudo vzctl set 101 --ipadd 192.168.1.101 --hostname testvps --nameserver 192.168.1.100 --nameserver 10.0.0.1 --save See http://wiki.openvz.org/Common_Networking_HOWTOs for DHCP or other network setups.
2. Edit /etc/vz/conf/101.conf to give the VE some usable resources (for other templates or more info see http://wiki.openvz.org/UBC_configuration_examples_table): (http://wiki.openvz.org/UBC_configuration_examples_table%29:)
# UBC parameters (in form of barrier:limit)
KMEMSIZE="16384000:18022400"
LOCKEDPAGES="4096:4096"
PRIVVMPAGES="262144:292912"
SHMPAGES="131072:131072"
NUMPROC="400:400"
PHYSPAGES="0:2147483647"
VMGUARPAGES="102400:2147483647"
OOMGUARPAGES="102400:2147483647"
NUMTCPSOCK="500:500"
NUMFLOCK="200:220"
NUMPTY="64:64"
NUMSIGINFO="512:512"
TCPSNDBUF="5365760:10485760"
TCPRCVBUF="5365760:10485760"
OTHERSOCKBUF="1503232:4063232"
DGRAMRCVBUF="262144:262144"
NUMOTHERSOCK="500:500"
DCACHESIZE="4194304:4317184"
NUMFILE="9312:9312"
AVNUMPROC="200:200"
NUMIPTENT="128:128"
# Disk quota parameters (in form of softlimit:hardlimit)
DISKSPACE="5048576:5153024"
DISKINODES="1000000:1020000"
QUOTATIME="0"3. Start the VE:
sudo vzctl start 1014. Enter & test the VE's networking:
sudo vzctl enter 101
ping <HN ip>
ping google.com5. If it's working you can start using your VE just like another copy of Ubuntu or whatever distro you used for the OS template. Note: the Ubuntu template is a minimal install (only uses 46MB default). I updated the VE's /etc/sources.list to match my HN's repos, then installed whatever software I needed, using 'apt-cache search <package>' or http://packages.ubuntu.com to find the package name.
Useful Commands
List all VEs and their state: vzlist -a
Delete VEs: vzctl destroy <veid> (no going back)
More commands: man vzctl
See VE stats: vzctl exec <veid> cat /proc/user_beancounters
I'll also soon be posting a guide for installing the free and open source control panel usermin + virtualmin.
Troubleshooting
Weird errors? Make sure you are booted into the openvz kernel:
uname -a
Linux vpsu4.4domains.com 2.6.24-19-openvz #1 SMP Thu Aug 21 04:18:17 UTC 2008 i686 GNU/Linux
And all the openvz modules are loaded on the HN:
sudo modprobe vzethdev vznetdev vzrst vzctp vzmon vzdquota vzdevAlso, the openvz wiki (http://wiki.openvz.org/) is a good resource (watch out for outdated info) and there is a friendly community at http://forum.openvz.org for configuring more complicated setups.
Introduction
OpenVZ (http://wiki.openvz.org/Main_Page) allows multiple Linux distributions to run on a single computer or server, each with their own dedicated resources and configurations, also known as "Virtual Private Servers" (VPS). It is the free and open source alternative to VMWare (http://www.vmware.com/)and Virtuozzo (http://www.parallels.com/en/products/virtuozzo) (actually based on OpenVZ and has many similarities). For more info see http://wiki.openvz.org/Features and http://wiki.openvz.org/FAQ
Basic Terms
I will give a step-by-step guide below, so don't worry if you don't get this all at first. The "host" computer or server is known as the Hardware Node (HN or HW). The HN hosts Container Nodes (CT) or Virtual Environments (VE) aka VPSs. Each VE is assigned a unique number or VEID. The VE runs off of a OS template. See http://wiki.openvz.org/Category:Definitions for more.
Installing
Preparing and Installing OpenVZ
1. It is recommended, but not necessary, to create a separate partition for the VE. Use gparted (http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php) if needed to resize partitions. After the partition is made, create the /vz directory (even if skipping the partition):
sudo mkdir /vz
2. If making a separate partition, add the following to /etc/fstab:
/dev/sda1 /vz ext3 noatime,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1
3. Create a symbolic link from /vz to a /var/lib/vz
sudo ln -s /vz /var/lib/vz4. Make sure backports is enabled. See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports for instructions and https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu for more info on repos. After backports is enabled, install the openvz packages:
apt-get install linux-openvz and then reboot into the openvz kernel.
5. After rebooting into the openvz kernel, install some tools:
apt-get install vzctl vzquota6. Add the following to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
kernel.sysrq = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 07. Restart the vz service:
/etc/init.d/vz restartCreating the VE
1. Get an OS template to create the VE. I am using the ubuntu 8.04 template, there are more available at http://wiki.openvz.org/Download/template/precreated
wget download.openvz.org/template/precreated/ubuntu-8.04-i386-minimal.tar.gz
sudo mv ubuntu-8.04-i386-minimal.tar.gz /var/lib/vz/template/cache/2. Create the VE (don't use less than 101, since those are for internal use):
sudo vzctl create 101 --ostemplate ubuntu-8.04-i386-minimalConfiguring the VE
1. Add the appropriate network settings to the VE. For a static IP:
sudo vzctl set 101 --ipadd 192.168.1.101 --hostname testvps --nameserver 192.168.1.100 --nameserver 10.0.0.1 --save See http://wiki.openvz.org/Common_Networking_HOWTOs for DHCP or other network setups.
2. Edit /etc/vz/conf/101.conf to give the VE some usable resources (for other templates or more info see http://wiki.openvz.org/UBC_configuration_examples_table): (http://wiki.openvz.org/UBC_configuration_examples_table%29:)
# UBC parameters (in form of barrier:limit)
KMEMSIZE="16384000:18022400"
LOCKEDPAGES="4096:4096"
PRIVVMPAGES="262144:292912"
SHMPAGES="131072:131072"
NUMPROC="400:400"
PHYSPAGES="0:2147483647"
VMGUARPAGES="102400:2147483647"
OOMGUARPAGES="102400:2147483647"
NUMTCPSOCK="500:500"
NUMFLOCK="200:220"
NUMPTY="64:64"
NUMSIGINFO="512:512"
TCPSNDBUF="5365760:10485760"
TCPRCVBUF="5365760:10485760"
OTHERSOCKBUF="1503232:4063232"
DGRAMRCVBUF="262144:262144"
NUMOTHERSOCK="500:500"
DCACHESIZE="4194304:4317184"
NUMFILE="9312:9312"
AVNUMPROC="200:200"
NUMIPTENT="128:128"
# Disk quota parameters (in form of softlimit:hardlimit)
DISKSPACE="5048576:5153024"
DISKINODES="1000000:1020000"
QUOTATIME="0"3. Start the VE:
sudo vzctl start 1014. Enter & test the VE's networking:
sudo vzctl enter 101
ping <HN ip>
ping google.com5. If it's working you can start using your VE just like another copy of Ubuntu or whatever distro you used for the OS template. Note: the Ubuntu template is a minimal install (only uses 46MB default). I updated the VE's /etc/sources.list to match my HN's repos, then installed whatever software I needed, using 'apt-cache search <package>' or http://packages.ubuntu.com to find the package name.
Useful Commands
List all VEs and their state: vzlist -a
Delete VEs: vzctl destroy <veid> (no going back)
More commands: man vzctl
See VE stats: vzctl exec <veid> cat /proc/user_beancounters
I'll also soon be posting a guide for installing the free and open source control panel usermin + virtualmin.
Troubleshooting
Weird errors? Make sure you are booted into the openvz kernel:
uname -a
Linux vpsu4.4domains.com 2.6.24-19-openvz #1 SMP Thu Aug 21 04:18:17 UTC 2008 i686 GNU/Linux
And all the openvz modules are loaded on the HN:
sudo modprobe vzethdev vznetdev vzrst vzctp vzmon vzdquota vzdevAlso, the openvz wiki (http://wiki.openvz.org/) is a good resource (watch out for outdated info) and there is a friendly community at http://forum.openvz.org for configuring more complicated setups.